Background: Bacterial infections can cause a variety of airway diseases. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) directly respond to the presence of microbes and partake in the innate immune defense. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and has been detected in sinonasal tissue, epithelial cells and various inflammatory cells. Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) is a chemokine relea

This study presents results from a multidisciplinary assessment of ten Swedish children with severe language disorder, aged 4;4-10;0. The children underwent an extensive medical examination. They were also tested by a clinical child psychologist. A thorough neurolinguistic examination was done as well as detailed linguistic analyses of the children's speech production. The results of our study rev

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of light propofol sedation on gastric emptying and orocecal transit time (OCT). METHODS: Ten healthy male volunteers were studied on 2 occasions separated by at least 1 week and were randomly allocated to receive either propofol sedation or i.v. saline as a control. During propofol sedation the volunteers were sedated to grade 2-3 o

Background: During the last decade, the evidence of beneficial effects of cholesterol lowering in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) has been proven in several clinical trials. This has prompted international guidelines on prevention of CHD to include recommendations on dietary and pharmacological treatment of hyperlipidaernia with set goals on total- and LDL-cholesterol. Methods: The firs

We show that isolated magnetic dipoles centred at the position of manganese impurities in a gallium arsenide lattice lead to spin polarized states in the bandgap of the III-V semiconductor. Spectroscopy simulations with a tungsten tip agree well with experimental data; in this case, no difference can be observed for the two magnetic groundstates. But if the signal is read with a magnetic iron tip,

Large eddy simulations of a three-dimensional turbulent thermal plume in an open environment have been carried out using a self-developed parallel computational fluid dynamics code SMAFS (smoke movement and flame spread) to study the thermal plume's dynamics including its puffing, self-preserving and air entrainment. In the simulation, the sub-grid stress was modeled using both the standard Smagor

The objectives of this study are to develop and demonstrate an approach to improve emergency response capability by strengthening individual and organisational learning from the evaluations of specific emergency responses. An approach was developed based on theories of individual and organisational learning. It was applied to evaluations of three instances of emergency response in the city of Malm

Amorphous drug nanosuspensions are prone to particle growth due to Ostwald ripening. By incorporating a second component of extremely low aqueous solubility, Ostwald ripening can be inhibited. These studies indicate that to inhibit ripening, the drug/inhibitor mixture (in the particles) must form a single phase. The drug/inhibitor mixture can be characterized by the interaction parameter chi using

Today, the underlying theoretical and methodological foundations as well as implementations in the field of accessibility are largely based on plans, metrics and heuristics. There is an obvious tension between these norms and those of the overall spirit of the times, which leans heavily towards improvisations, diversity, and ever-changing affordances. The parallel evolution of human computer inter

Insulin secretion is controlled by the beta cell's metabolic state, and the ability of the secretory granules to undergo exocytosis increases during glucose stimulation in a membrane potential-independent fashion. Here, we demonstrate that exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory granules depends on phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI 4-kinase) activity and that inhibition of this enzyme suppresse

BACKGROUND. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is produced in high amounts by normal and malignant prostate cancer cells. PSA is a serine protease with substrates that include semenogelin I and II, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, fibronectin, and laminin. PSA, via its enzymatic activity, may play a role in growth, invasion, and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. Recent data also sugge

Low B fractures and prevalent vertebral fractures are known risk factors for incident vertebral fractures. In 3001 men and women from the Rotterdam Study, prevalent nonvertebral fractures early for incident menopause, current smoking, and walking aid use were also strong risk factors for incident vertebral fractures.

Seasonal changes oi leachate production and water-flux-dependent leachate quality from two test cells containing 4,000 t of refuse each were investigated. Pronounced seasonal dependence of the leachate production appeared three years after the final covering of the test cells. With seasonal dependent production, a number of leachate parameters showed water-Aux-dependent trends. The dependence was