In Drosophila, the Bicoid protein servers as paradigm as the first identified morphogen, whose concentration gradient provides the initial positional information in the anterior half of the embryo. There, it differentially activates segmentation genes, in particular the gap genes. Insofar, there are two mainly prevailing models to explain how the Bicoid protein concentration gradient forms: 1) the

This document presents the contributions of the Workshop “New approaches to evacuation modelling” that took place on the 11th of June 2017 in Lund, Sweden within the Symposium of the International Association for Fire Safety Science (IAFSS). The scope of the workshop was to get insights into the building fire evacuation modelling world from experts in areas other than fire safety engineering. The

Research conducted in recent years has documented the widespread presence of various forms of color vision in species from across the animal kingdom, helped to develop an understanding of the basic biological mechanisms that underlie this sensory capacity, and provided some insights into the utility of color vision in the natural world. This chapter draws information from all these various sources

BackgroundThe colors in which we see an object are not only dependent on the spectral composition of the reflected light but also represent an interpretation by our eyes and the trichromatic visual system.ObjectiveHow do animals of other species see the world?ResultsThe majority of mammals do not have three but only two types of cones and therefore have dichromatic color vision. Marine mammals and

The global energy tendency leads to increasing attention on clean combustion technologies in order to eliminate adverse impacts on the environment. The utilization of oxyfuel combustion (CO2 acts as the only combustion dilution), flame diluents, and hydrogen fuel in gas turbine combustion provides a promising solution to reduce combustion pollutant emissions. However, alteration in chemical and ph

This paper proposes a simple framework to model social preferences in a way that explicitly separates economic incentives from social (context) effects and allows for uncertainty also about the latter. Moreover, it allows non-economic cost associated with the deviation from some norm to be more discriminatory than just “right” or “wrong.” We refer to existing evidence on dictator game giving to de

This paper asks whether the sensitivity of market long-term interest rates and credit ratings is associated with cross-country differences in social trust. We note a number of theoretical mechanisms that suggest that macroeconomic shocks are more likely to be effectively dealt with in higher-trust societies. A set of panel estimates across middle- and high-income countries reveals that interest ra

Economic development, technological innovation, and policy change are especially prominent factors shaping energy transitions. Therefore explaining energy transitions requires combining insights from disciplines investigating these factors. The existing literature is not consistent in identifying these disciplines nor proposing how they can be combined. We conceptualize national energy transitions

The feasibility of mode control in rotating detonation engine is investigated through regulating the global equivalence ratio during the test under different air mass flow rates, chamber lengths, and blockage ratios at the exit, including the mode transitions between the single wave and two co-rotating waves, two counter-rotating waves and longitudinal pulsed detonation, two co-rotating waves and

Riksantikvarieämbetet har börjat utarbeta nya stöd för kultur- och naturmiljöer. AgriFood Economics Centre bidrar till detta arbete genom att undersöka exempel på alternativa stödformer inom miljöområdet.Vi visar att det finns ett flertal exempel på ersättning som har potential att nå högre miljönytta, ökad kostnadseffektivitet och ökat stöd bland jordbrukare än traditionell åtgärdsbaserad ersättn

Many mammals have specialized nose-tips with glabrous and often wet skin, called rhinaria. The function of the rhinarium is unknown in most species. Rhinaria differ not only in shape and skin structure, but also in skin temperature. They are considerably colder in carnivorans than in herbivorous artio- and perissodactyls. Domestic dogs are carnivorans and their noses often feel cold, such that the

It is not known exactly where amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils begin to accumulate in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, we showed that abnormal levels of Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be detected before abnormal amyloid can be detected using PET in individuals with preclinical AD. Using these approaches, here we identify the earliest preclinical AD stage in subjects from the ADNI

Multilevel data occur frequently in many research areas like health services research and epidemiology. A suitable way to analyze such data is through the use of multilevel regression models. These models incorporate cluster-specific random effects that allow one to partition the total variation in the outcome into between-cluster variation and between-individual variation. The magnitude of the ef

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gut-brain disorder involving alterations in intestinal sensitivity and motility. Serotonin 5-HT4 receptors are promising candidates in IBS pathophysiology since they regulate gut motor function and stool consistency, and targeted 5-HT4R selective drug intervention has been proven beneficial in subgroups of patients. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic factors and pharmacy dispensing of medications for erectile dysfunction (ED) in the general population of middle-aged and elderly men. By considering a number of medical conditions that could promote or contraindicate use of ED medication, the analysis could help capture prescription patterns that might

In the absence of historical income or education data, the change in occupations over time can be used as a measure of mobility. This paper investigates intergenerational occupational mobility using a novel genealogical dataset for settler South Africa, spanning its transition from an agricultural to an early industrialised society (1800-1909). We identify fathers and sons for whom we have complet