Sex chromosomes have evolved repeatedly across the tree of life and often exhibit extreme size dimorphism due to genetic degeneration of the sex-limited chromosome (e.g. the W chromosome of some birds and Y chromosome of mammals). However, in some lineages, ancient sex-limited chromosomes have escaped degeneration. Here, we study the evolutionary maintenance of sex chromosomes in the ostrich (Stru

Our aim was to compare the inter-rater agreement about transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with regard to diagnosing adenomyosis and for assessing various predefined imaging features of adenomyosis, in the same set of women. The study cohort included 51 women, prospectively, consecutively recruited based on a clinical suspicion of adenomyosis. MRIs and TVS vide

Importance: Longitudinal tau positron emission tomography (PET) is a relevant outcome in clinical trials evaluating disease-modifying therapies in Alzheimer disease (AD). A key unanswered question is whether the use of participant-specific (individualized) regions of interest (ROIs) is superior to conventional approaches where the same ROI (group-level) is used for each participant. Objective: To

This chapter aims to enhance our understanding of the implications international standardisation have for audit innovation at the national level. The study analyses the ways in which transnational regulation effectuates institutional constraints on audit innovation in Sweden as a setting to discuss the capacity for the audit profession to innovate and make audits more socially relevant. Based on d

OBJECTIVE: To investigate pain course over time and to identify baseline and 3-month predictors of unacceptable pain with or without low inflammation in early RA.METHODS: A cohort of 275 patients with early RA, recruited in 2012-2016, was investigated and followed for 2 years. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS; 0-100 mm). Unacceptable pain was defined as VAS pain >40, and low in

The use of artificial intelligence tools is rapidly increasing. Companies are now looking to use AI for recruitment in order to try to ensure a more fair process. This thesis aims to answer the question “How do recruiters in the Swedish IT sector perceive the effectiveness of AI tools in mitigating bias within the recruitment process?”. While some recruiters see AI as a tool to increase object

In the Gambia, Osusu has helped women to be resilient to various types of precarity for a long time. Though the country has recently recognized the importance of financial inclusion by adopting a National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS), the informal practice of Osusu continues to exist and evolve. Through 20 semi-structured interviews with women who are members of Kafoos that operate Osusu, t

In the past decade, micro-enterprise development has gained popularity as an intervention in the Global South, including Colombia, a country where more than 90% of businesses are micro. For decades, this country has endured an internal conflict that has left millions of victims of forced displacement, who live in vulnerable situations and, in many cases, resort to creating micro-enterprises to mak

Objectives: This project aims to develop a deep learning-based attention decoding system that can distinguish between noise and speech in noise and also identify the direction of attended speech from the brain data recorded with electroencephalography (EEG) instruments. Two deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) models will be designed: (1) one DCNN model capable of classifying incoming segments

Distributed optimal control is known to be challenging and can become intractable even for linear-quadratic regulator problems. In this work, we study a special class of such problems where distributed state feedback controllers can give near-optimal performance. More specifically, we consider networked linear-quadratic controllers with decoupled costs and spatially exponentially decaying dynamics

In this essay the evolution of global systemic risk is investigated by creating networks (and communities) of contagion among 88 banks that are deemed systemically important on a global level (particularly western economy). The contagion is defined by a Granger Causality relation between two individuals in the network, this is tested using the Post double selection method described in Margartitell