Renewable biomass is predicted to have the potential to meet at least a quarter of the world demand for transportation fuel, but to do so both terrestrial lignocellulosic as well as marine algal resources need to be efficiently utilized. In the processes where these biomasses are converted into different types of energy carriers (for example fuel-alcohols e.g. ethanol or butanol) microbial glycosi

An integrated flow injection process for analysis of intracellular components of microbes has been used to monitor plasmid content in Escherichia coli cultivations inoculated with cells subcultured in the presence or absence of ampicillin. The system allows sampling, sample handling, cell disruption, separation of intracellular components, and analysis in a semi-on-line mode of operation. The time

We propose and analyze distributed computation algorithms for finite-horizon optimal control problems in transportation networks. We model traffic flow dynamics by the cell-transmission model and focus on two problems: system-optimum dynamic traffic assignment (where the routing is part of the optimization) and freeway network control (where the routing is exogenous and the optimization is confine

Three different, state-of-the-art biogeochemical models are adapted in order to quantify the carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N 2O), and methane (CH4) exchanges between arable lands and the atmosphere. Biome-BGC and MOD17 are validated using the long-term measurement results from Hegyhátsál tall tower site (Western Hungary). After a simple bias correction, it was found that Biome-BGC is capabl

To develop effective therapeutic strategies for protein misfolding diseases, a promising route is to identify compounds that inhibit the formation of protein oligomers. To achieve this goal, we report a structure.activity relationship (SAR) approach based on chemical kinetics to estimate quantitatively how small molecules modify the reactive flux toward oligomers. We use this estimate to derive ch

Molten-salt-based nanofluids and ionic-liquid-based nanofluids are developed for thermal storage and heat transfer at relatively high temperatures, in the past few years. Preparation and stabilization techniques are briefly introduced firstly, and then, thermal properties, e.g., specific heat, thermal conductivity and viscosity, are summarized and discussed in detail. The properties are not only a

This chapter presents a state-of-the-art overview of numerical methods for single-phase flow and two-phase flow in microchannel heat exchangers, as well as the relevant single-phase and two-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications. Governing equations are given for both single-phase flow and two-phase flow with and without phase change. For single- phase flow, scaling effects, such as

An experimental investigation was performed for convective condensation of R410A inside four micro-fin tubes with the same outside diameter (OD) 5 mm and helix angle 18°. Data are for mass fluxes ranging from about 180 to 650 kg/m2s. The nominal saturation temperature is 320 K, with inlet and outlet qualities of 0.8 and 0.1, respectively. The results suggest that Tube 4 has the best thermal perfor

The present paper develops linear regression models based on singular value decomposition (SVD) with the aim of downscaling atmospheric variables statistically to estimate average rainfall in the Chikugo River Basin, Kyushu Island, southern Japan, on a 12-hour basis. Models were designed to take only significantly correlated areas into account in the downscaling procedure. By using particularly pr

Background: The most commonly reported outcome measure in Dupuytren disease is the extension deficit in finger joints. This study aimed to investigate the examiners' influence on the measured difference between active and passive extension deficit. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 157 consecutive patients (81% men, mean age 70 years) scheduled for collagenase treatment for Dupu

Under ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic activity, which continuously challenge ecosystem resilience, an in-depth understanding of ecological processes is urgently needed. Lakes, as providers of numerous ecosystem services, face multiple stressors that threaten their functioning. Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a persistent problem resulting from nutrient pollution and climate-c

This study examined longitudinal, age-related and intra-individual variation in Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) in regular menstruating women and correlated the hormonal levels to the antral follicle count (AFC). The impact of variations on an algorithm for calculation of follitropin-dose for ovarian stimulation were also tested. The study was carried out at a fertility clinic of a tertiary universit

Introduction: Transient, recurrent or permanent causes of hydrocephalus in children are usually due to tumours, cerebral bleeding or colloid cysts and complications of infectious meningitis or secondary to poisoning. Recurrent, obstructive hydrocephalus is very rare. Case report: We report a 4-month-old boy who suffered at least three different episodes of obstructive hydrocephalus presumably caus