Operationalizing a Global Carbon Observing and Analysis System (www.geocarbon.net) would provide a sound basis for monitoring actual carbon fluxes and thus getting quantities right when pricing carbon - be it in a cap-and-trade scheme or under a tax regime. However, such monitoring systems are expensive and-especially in times of economic weakness-budgets for science and environmental policy are u

Normalisation of measured energy use in buildings is important in order to verify their performance in user phase. Two methods for normalisation have been presented in Sweden, static and dynamic normalisation. The static normalisation considers deviating hot water use, indoor temperature, internal loads and external climate. The dynamic normalisation is based on repeated simulation, meaning that t

It is known that shading systems often combined with solar control glasses are used to avoid glare and overheating at expenses of daylight. In Dynamic Thermal Modelling tools, there is no assessment method where the shading use is expressed when predicting the building performance. Furthermore, literature often refers to studies where complex fenestration systems are optimized for specific cases.

We have used Differential Aperture X-ray Microscopy (DAXM) to measure grain orientations and deviatoric elastic strains in 3D around a tin whisker. The results show strain gradients through the depth of the tin coating, revealing a higher strain deeper in the Sn layer. These higher strains are explained by the volume change occurring during growth of the intermetallic phase Cu6Sn5 at the interface

This thesis examines the energy-saving potential for lighting when using traditional indoor LCSs in non-residential buildings. In the study, an overarching theoretical framework is used that distinguishes between energy efficiency and energy saving, as well as between energy use for lighting and functional illumination. This framework also includes the hypothesis that user acceptance is a determin

In the fast development of advanced gas turbines with increasing output power, the inlet temperature is accordingly increased. Traditional cooling techniques failed to deal with such situations; however, new cooling techniques incorporating ribbed microchannels with higher capability of heat removal are required. In the present research, a square ribbed channel with various rib pitch ratios is des

OBJECTIVE: Inherited resistance to activated protein C (APC resistance), which is caused by a single point mutation in the factor V gene, is a frequent risk factor for venous thromboembolism. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of APC resistance and other coagulation disorders in fertile women with venous thromboembolism and also the risk factors these women had been exposed to i

Cloud computing technology provides the means to share physical resources among multiple users and data center tenants by exposing them as virtual resources. There is a strong industrial drive to use similar technology and concepts to provide timing sensitive services. One such domain is a chain of connected virtual network functions. This allows the capacity of each function to be scaled up and d