Midsagittal sections of the heads of day 14.5–15.0 control A/J mouse fetuses revealed three areas of rapidly growing cartilage in the cranial base:mesethmoid, presphenoid, and craniopharyngeal. There was a curvature in the presphenoid, which straightened by the time of palatine shelf movement In fetuses of females treated with 6‐aminonicotinamide (6‐AN) on gestation day 13 the presphenoid had not

Economic history has recently emphasised the impact of economic shrinking on long-term economic growth, but economic theories do not provide explanations for how and why some countries avoid economic shrinking. In this case study of institutional change in post-independence Indonesia, we examine how the country managed to reduce the frequency of shrinking during the authoritarian regime and beyond

Neuroscience of the self has focused on high-level mechanisms related to language, memory or imagery of the self. However, recent evidence suggests that low-level mechanisms such as multisensory and sensorimotor integration may play a fundamental role in self-related processing. Here we used virtual reality technology and visuo-tactile conflict to study such low-level mechanisms and manipulate whe

A fundamental aspect of the "I" of conscious experience is that the self is experienced as a single coherent representation of the entire, spatially situated body. The purpose of the present study was to investigate agency for the entire body. We provided participants with performance-related auditory cues and induced online sensorimotor conflicts in free walking conditions investigating the limit

Body ownership and embodiment are two fundamental mechanisms of self-consciousness. The present article reviews neurological data about paroxysmal illusions during which body ownership and embodiment are affected differentially: autoscopic phenomena (out-of-body experience, heautoscopy, autoscopic hallucination, feeling-of-a-presence) and the room tilt illusion. We suggest that autoscopic phenomen

Purpose: This paper has chosen a participatory action design (PAD) to approach the construction of KPIs in a novel way. A PAD will assist the researcher to encourage involvement, engagement of multiple stakeholders in the KPIs construction process. Design/methodology/approach: A workshop series based on participatory action design was developed together with the researcher and stakeholders at the

Background: Abnormal folding, aggregation and spreading of alpha-synuclein (αsyn) is a mechanistic hypothesis for the progressive neuropathology in Parkinson's disease (PD). Spread of αsyn between cells is supported by clinical, neuropathological and experimental evidence. It has been proposed that a pro-inflammatory micro-environment in response to αsyn can promote its aggregation. We have previo

In the absence of guidance from scientific evidence, a range of lymphedema prevention and management, guidelines were developed by relevant organizations around the world. These became publicly available, promoted and endorsed, particularly to women with breast cancer. The recommendations advised avoidance of any activity that could overload or restrict the lymphatic system and need for caution wh

The regional dimension is fundamental to a study of the economic history of Italy. In particular, the forging ahead of the industrial Northwestern regions of the country since the nineteenth century and the consolidation of the “Italian economic dualism” between north and south in the twentieth century have attracted the attention of scholars. This chapter looks at the development over two centuri

Recent micro-level studies have suggested that globalization—in particular, economic globalization and trade with China—breeds political polarization and populism. This study examines whether or not those results generalize by examining the country-level association between vote shares for European populist parties and economic globalization. Using data on vote shares for 267 right-wing and left-w

Abstract: Artificial lipid membranes are often investigated as a replica of the cell membrane in the form of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). In SLBs, the phase state of a lipid bilayer strongly depends on the presence of molecules such as cholesterol, ceramide, and physical parameters such as temperature. Cholesterol is a key molecule of biological membranes and it exerts condensing effect on lip