Every cell is surrounded by a thin plasma membrane, protecting it from its surrounding. Specialized protein channels and transporters are embedded in this membrane, ensuring selective transport of molecules in and out of the cells. To maintain optimal hydration, water channels called aquaporins (AQPs) are present in every cell of our body. Thirteen isoforms of aquaporins exist in humans of which t

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I bokens tredje kapitel analyserar Stefan Larsson etiska riktlinjer som styrmedel för utveckling och användning av artificiell intelligens (ai). Författaren pekar på riktlinjernas samspel med rättsliga styrmedel och undersöker vad det är med AI-utvecklingen som särart som lett till att etiska frågor fått en så framskjutande plats med en sådan bred flora av riktlinjer. Genom att anlägga ett europei

CD47 is known to play an important role in CD4+ T cell homeostasis. We recently reported a reduction in mice deficient in the Cd47 gene (Cd47-/-) CD4+ T cell adhesion and transendothelial migration (TEM) in vivo and in vitro as a result of impaired expression of high-affinity forms of LFA-1 and VLA-4 integrins. A prior study concluded that Cd47-/- mice were resistant to experimental autoimmune enc

Dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated as important regulators of innate and adaptive inflammation in many diseases, including atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DCs mitigate or promote inflammatory pathogenesis are only partially understood. Previous studies have shown an important anti-inflammatory role for the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in reg

Objective - T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) proteins are expressed by numerous immune cells, recognize phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells, and function as costimulators or coinhibitors. Tim-1 is expressed by activated T cells but is also found on dendritic cells and B cells. Tim-4, present on macrophages and dendritic cells, plays a critical role in apoptotic cell clearance, regula

This article closely analyses mutual recognition as a justification for EU legislative activity in the field of domestic criminal procedure. By looking at the structure, wording and purpose of the Treaties, the article first discusses the proper interpretation of the mutual recognition criterion in Article 82(2) TFEU. It argues for a narrow construction of Article 82(2) TFEU, suggesting that the e

Food is an essential part of our daily lives, but simultaneously, it is a major contributor to environmental issues. The growing world population and changing diets are expected to further exacerbate the negative impact of food production and consumption. This article explores how suffciency business strategies, focused on moderating consumption levels, can be implemented in the food industry to c

Buttermilk (BM) has recently received much attention as a source of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) due to its high polar lipid (PL) content, which gives it functional properties and health benefits. Nevertheless BM can be obtained from two different technological processes, i) the BM from the butter oil industry (BM1) and ii) BM from the butter manufacture (BM2). Neutral lipids (NL) and PL chara

Impaired glucose metabolism and mitochondrial decay greatly increase with age, when cognitive decline becomes rampant. No pharmacological or dietary intervention has proven effective, but proper diet and lifestyle do postpone the onset of neurodegeneration and some nutrients are being investigated. We studied insulin signaling, mitochondrial activity and biogenesis, and synaptic signaling in the h

The increasing incidence of age-induced cognitive decline justifies the search for complementary ways of prevention or delay. We studied the effects of concentrates of phospholipids, sphingolipids, and/or 3-n fatty acids on the expression of genes or miRNAs related to synaptic activity and/or neurodegeneration, in the hippocampus of aged Wistar rats following a 3-month supplementation. The combina

Strain NL19T is a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterium that was isolated from sludge of a deactivated uranium mine in Portugal. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain NL19T is a member of the genus Pedobacter and closely related to the strains Pedobacter himalayensis MTCC 6384T, Pedobacter cryoconitis DSM 14825T, Pedobacter westerhofensis DSM 19036T and Pedobacter hartonius DSM 190

Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids participate in a variety of indispensable metabolic, neurological, and intracellular signaling processes. In this didactic paper we review the biological roles of phospholipids and try to unravel the precise nature of their putative healthful activities. We conclude that the biological actions of phospholipids activities potentially be nutraceutically exploit

A comparative study of the antioxidant activity of hydroxytyrosol (HT) and phosphatidyl derivatives of hydroxytyrosol (PHT) added at increasing concentrations to diverse edible oils (lard oil, refined olive oil, and diacylglycerol-rich oil) was performed. Antioxidant activity index was estimated as the ratio of induction time in presence of the compounds to induction time in their absence, after o

The immune system plays a considerable role in hypertension. In particular, T-lymphocytes are recognized as important players in its pathogenesis. Despite substantial experimental efforts, the molecular mechanisms underlying the nature of T-cell activation contributing to an onset of hypertension or disease perpetuation are still elusive. Amongst other cell types, lymphocytes express distinct prof

The relative importance of extracellular and intracellular calcium sources mediating smooth muscle contraction in ovarian follicle and ovarian artery was assessed in experiments on the influence of nifedipine, D-600, amrinone, diethylstilbestrol (DES), lanthanum and/or calcium removal on contractions induced by K+ depolarization, by noradrenaline, histamine and acetylcholine. The K+-induced respon

The presence of 5‐HT (serotonin) in ovarian tissue and its varying concentrations during the oestrous cycle suggests that it takes part in ovarian function and in the ovulatory process as one of several mediators of the inflammatory‐type reaction preceding follicular rupture. With the aid of a recirculating perfusion model, in which the central stimulatory action of 5‐HT was avoided, its direct ov

While the ability to measure low temperatures accurately in quantum systems is important in a wide range of experiments, the possibilities and the fundamental limits of quantum thermometry are not yet fully understood theoretically. Here we develop a general approach to low-temperature quantum thermometry, taking into account restrictions arising not only from the sample but also from the measurem