Popular Abstract in Swedish Rheumatoid Artrit (RA) och Multipel Skleros (MS) är autoimmuna sjukdomar som drabbar ca 1 % respective 0.2 % av den nordeuropeiska befolkningen där kvinnor drabbas oftare än män. Dessa sjukdomar orsakas av att immunförsvaret attackerar kroppsegen vävnad. En fortgående inflammation förstör vävnaden och leder till nedsatt funktion. I RA angrips framför allt leder kan bli Autoimmune diseases are dependent on multiple genes and unknown environmental factors. Great efforts in the identification of genes conferring susceptibility to autoimmune diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have recently been rewarding. A few genes have so far been associated to several autoimmune disorders and the understanding of the role of these genes in the pa

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vilken roll staten kan och bör spela för att få till stånd ekonomisk utveckling hör till den ekonomiska vetenskapens äldsta debatter. Trots detta har tidigare forskning ofta fokuserat på hur en rad statliga interventioner påverkar den statiska effektiviteten. Få studier har försökt studera hur statlig intervention och en aktiv näringspolitik påverkar så kallad dynamisk What role the state should and can play in bringing about economic development is one of the longest standing debates in the economic sciences. Yet, previous research has mostly focused on how a variety of industrial policies affect static efficiency. Few studies have tried to analyze how industrial policy and government intervention affects dynamic efficiency, i.e. an economy's ability to generat

The scattered-photon part of pencil-beam dose kernels for high-energy x-ray beams can be derived experimentally by differentiating the broad-beam scatter-to-primary dose ratio as a function of radius. Formally, this requires a uniform and parallel beam, and the procedure is complicated by the nonideal, actual beam conditions: the primary dose profile is not uniform, the beam quality is not constan

HIV disease progression and the effect of replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates (CFCs) were studied in 100 Swedish haemophiliacs, mean age at seroconversion 29 years (range, 4-72). On average 16 years after seroconversion, 67 per cent of the patients had CD4+ cell counts of < 200 x 10(6)/l, 50 per cent had developed AIDS, and 58 per cent had died. HIV disease progression was signif

We consider the problem of computing a minimum weight pseudo-triangulation of a set S of n points in the plane. We first present an O(n log n)-time algorithm that produces a pseudo-triangulation of weight O(log n - wt(M(S))) which is shown to be asymptotically worst-case optimal, i.e., there exists a point set S for which every pseudo-triangulation has weight 0 (log n - wt(M(S))), where wt(.M(S))

Background: In a microarray experiment the difference in expression between genes on the same slide is up to 103 fold or more. At low expression, even a small error in the estimate will have great influence on the final test and reference ratios. In addition to the true spot intensity the scanned signal consists of different kinds of noise referred to as background. In order to assess the true spo

We consider the log-likelihood function of hidden Markov models, its derivatives and expectations of these (such as different information functions). We give explicit expressions for these functions and bound them as the size of the chain increases. We apply our bounds to obtain partial second order asymptotics and some qualitative properties of a special model as well as to extend some results

In this thesis, nationalism is seen as a discourse constructed in social relations. Although socially constructed, nationalism still seems like having an impersonal character and the nation is commonly conceived of as a holistic system within which modern political relations are embedded. The author views this discursive character as the consequence of a co-operation between relational power and a

Abstract in UndeterminedBackgroundScreening for colorectal cancer (CRC) has been shown to decrease mortality.ObjectiveTo examine determinants associated with having (1) a screening colonoscopy, (2) an appropriate indication for screening, and (3) a significant diagnosis at screening.DesignProspective observational study.SettingTwenty-one endoscopy centers from 11 countries.PatientsAsymptomatic pat

Background: Cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations in plasma have been shown to be significantly higher in colectomised subjects compared to healthy controls. This has been ascribed to reduced inhibition of CCK release from colon. In an earlier study CCK in all but one woman who was colectomised, induced release of oxytocin, a peptide present throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The aim of th

The hunting of wild boar during the Mesolithic was studied by analysis of age and sex distributions in faunal remains from four settlement situated in Scania, Southern Sweden. The results show that the harvest of wild boar varied between different settlements, Piglets dominate the age distribution in the faunal remains of teh sites of Ringsjöholm and Tågerup, which indicate a hunting of wild boar

Studies from our and other laboratories have over the last 2 years implicated the existence of multipotent progenitors (MPPs) with combined granulocyte-macrophage, B cell, and T cell potential, but little or no megakaryocyte-erythroid (MkE) potential in the adult bone marrow Lineage (-)SCA-1 +KIT+ (LSK) compartment of multipotent stem and progenitor cells. The evidence for the existence of LSKCD34