Abstract: Femtosecond laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (FLIPS) was performed to achieve full-range mixture fraction measurements in non-reacting CH4/air flow fields. A femtosecond laser at 800 nm was used to generate a plasma channel with a uniform intensity distribution. Through measuring spatially resolved spectra and calibration, we found that the spectral intensity ratios of CH (431 nm)/N2 (3

Bokslutet från början är en kombinerad fakta- och övningsbok som är en direkt fortsättning på grundboken i bokföring, Bokföring från början. I denna bok fördjupas kunskaperna. Steg för steg behandlas de olika områden man måste behärska för att kunna upprätta ett fullständigt bokslut med årsredovisning i enlighet med årsredovisningslagens krav. För varje moment finns ett stort antal övningar.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection with 87 million new cases per year globally. Increasing antibiotic resistance has severely limited treatment options. A mechanism that Neisseria gonorrhoeae uses to evade complement attack is binding of the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein (C4BP). We screened 107 porin B1a (PorB1a) and 83 PorB1b clinical isolates randomly selected from a Swedis

The evaluation of satellite precipitation products (SPPs) at regional and local scales is essential in improving satellite-based algorithms and sensors, as well as in providing valuable guidance when choosing alternative precipitation data for the local community. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) has made significant contributions to the development of various SPPs since its launch i

Land Surface Temperature (LST) plays an important role in energy exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere. LST is a key variable in many applications, such as land surface modeling. Many satellite-based algorithms have been proposed to retrieve LST, such as Split-Window (SW), dual-angle, and single-channel algorithms. In this study, four satellite-based LST retrieval algorithms, includ

Since roughly the turn of the millennium, there has been a growing literature discussing the potential characteristics of African Developmental States—if they exists and in that case how they should be defined and exemplified. The basis for this literature has been the experience of the trajectory for sustained economic growth in Pacific Asia. But it has expanded into a broader discussion about th

The X-ray scanning microscope PtyNAMi at beamline P06 of PETRA III at DESY in Hamburg, Germany, is designed for high-spatial-resolution 3D imaging with high sensitivity. Besides optimizing the coherent ux density on the sample and the precision mechanics of the scanner, special care has been taken to reduce background signals on the detector. The optical path behind the sample is evacuated up unti

Evading predators is a fundamental aspect of the ecology and evolution of all prey animals. In studying the influence of prey traits on predation risk, previous researchers have shown that crypsis reduces attack rates on resting prey, predation risk increases with increased prey activity, and rapid locomotion reduces attack rates and increases chances of surviving predator attacks. However, eviden

Differential migration by sex, where one sex migrates further than the other, occurs in many bird species. How this pattern evolves is however little understood. The first aim of this study was to investigate the extent of differential migration in the common ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula, breeding in southeast Sweden, and test three main hypotheses (the social dominance, body size and arriva

This paper analyses the effect of family size on children’s educational attainment using a new research design that combines fixed effects and instrumental variable (IV) approaches. We use (a) data on first cousins who belong to the same extended family but to different nuclear families to control for extended family fixed effects and (b) variation in in-married spouses’ number of siblings (a prox

What does ‘sexual citizenship’ mean in practice for people with mobility impairments who may need professional support to engage in sexual activity? The book explores this subject through empirical investigation based on case studies conducted in four countries – Sweden, England, Australia and the Netherlands – and develops the abstract notion of ‘sexual citizenship’ to make it practically relevan

Lessons learned in the feedback process are atwo-sided coin that ultimately guide the PhD candidatetowards becoming an independent researcher as well aseducating “reader/docents” in their role as supervisor.Building on a brief literature review, observations from 14interviewed PhD candidates were reflected upon and these arethe suggested lessons learned. The study’s preliminary findingssuggest tha

Increasing interdependencies between critical infrastructures have made these systems more effective, but also more susceptible to cascading failures. In order to reduce the likelihood and consequences of cascading failures, it is essential to develop tools that support incident commander decisions so that an initial failure does not spread to other infrastructures. Here, a framework for generatin

In view of the significance, complexity, and difficulty of micromixing in viscous system, coaxial mixers with wide adaptability to viscosity are first combined with micromixing. The effects of feeding position, rotation mode, and impeller type on the micromixing performance of coaxial mixers are investigated numerically with the standard engulfment model and eddy dissipation concept model, and a d

Emerging theoretical concepts for quantum technologies have driven a continuous search for structures where a quantum state, such as spin, can be manipulated efficiently. Central to many concepts is the ability to control a system by electric and magnetic fields, relying on strong spin-orbit interaction and a large g-factor. Here, we present a mechanism for spin and orbital manipulation using smal

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in mu

Biomass is an essential sustainable and carbon-neutral energy source. Through thermochemical conversion processes, such as combustion and gasification, biomass can generally be used in boilers to provide heat and/or power. Biomass fuels contain varying amounts of potassium, chlorine and sulfur. The release of these elements, especially in the form of potassium chloride (KCl), in the thermal conver