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The high Q-factor (low bandwidth) and low efficiency make the design of small antennas challenging. Here, convex optimization is used to determine current distributions that provide upper bounds on the antenna performance. Optimization formulations for maximal gain Q-factor quotient, minimal Q-factor for superdirectivity, and minimum Q for given far-fields are presented. The effects of antennas em
Popular Abstract in Swedish Det svenska utbildningsväsendet styrs av nationella styrdokument som skollag, läroplaner och kursplaner. Det demokratiska uppdraget är en central fråga i dessa dokument. Avhandlingens syfte är att undersöka hur pedagogerna hanterar detta demokratiuppdrag och hur de påverkas av sociala krafter på olika nivåer. Demokratibegreppet är öppet för olika tolkningar. Inom utbiThe Swedish education system is governed by national steering documents, like the Education Act, curriculi and syllabuses. The democratic assignment is a central issue in these documents. The thesis aims to investigate how teachers handle this democratic assignment and how they are influenced by forces on different social levels. The concept of democracy is open to many interpretations. Democrac
Mental health disorders are a rapidly growing public health problem. Despite the fact that lack of trust in the health-care system is considered to be an important determinant of health, there is scarcity of empirical evidence demonstrating its associations with health outcomes. This is the first study which aims to evaluate the association between trust in the health-care system and psychological
A fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX (TM)) is developed based on the use of clinical risk factors with or without bone mineral density tests applied to the UK. Introduction The aim of this study was to apply an assessment tool for the prediction of fracture in men and women with the use of clinical risk factors (CRFs) for fracture with and without the use of femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD
Differential cross sections for elastic scattering of photons from the deuteron have recently been measured at the Tagged-Photon Facility at the MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden. These first new measurements in more than a decade further constrain the isoscalar electromagnetic polarizabilities of the nucleon and provide the first-ever results above 100 MeV, where the sensitivity to the polarizabi
Background Many prostate cancer (PC) risk assessment models have been developed, however almost none include familial history. Aim To produce a risk assessment model for PC based on familial background of related cancers. Method 976 859 independent index men aged >= 30 in year 1998 and their family members in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database (FCD2010) were randomly divided into development (60%)
The phase evolution in a zirconium–50 deuterium (Zr–50D, at.%) alloy system during thermal cycling has been investigated using in situ high-resolution neutron powder diffraction. The results showed that the peritectoid reaction α-Zr + δ-ZrD → γ-ZrD previously suggested to occur at high temperatures does not take place in the system. Slow cooling, from high temperatures (≥520 K) to room temperature
Background: Recent reviews conclude an association between traffic-related pollution and incidence of asthma in children, but not all studies agree. Studies have almost exclusively relied on parental-reported symptoms or parental-reported diagnoses of asthma and wheeze. Our aim was to investigate if traffic exposure is associated with higher incidence of early onset asthma, using registry-based ou
Cellulase and beta-glucosidase production on steam pretreated spruce (SPS) with Trichoderma reesei Rut C30, Trichoderma atroviride TUB F-1505 and TUB F-1663 was investigated. The enzymes were compared in term of activity, temperature optima and hydrolytic capacity. The T. atroviride cellulases proved to have lower temperature optima for filter paper activity (FPA) assay (50 degrees C) and for hydr
Background: Few longitudinal cohort studies have focused on the impact of substances abused and psychiatric disorders on premature mortality. The aim of the present study was to identify predictors of increased risk of drug related death and non drug related death in substance abusers of opiates, stimulants, cannabis, sedatives/hypnotics, hallucinogens and alcohol over several decades. Methods: Fo
A simple, rapid and environmentally friendly hollow-fibre liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) technique was developed for the quantitative determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous samples. GC-MS was then used as the method of analysis. The HF-LPME technique involves extraction of PAHs from a 20-mL sample containing 20 % acetonitrile as a modifier. The PAHs were extrac
Phthalates are ubiquitous industrial chemicals that have been associated with altered reproductive function in rodents. Several human studies have reported an inverse association between male testosterone and phthalate levels. Our aim was to investigate time to pregnancy (TTP) according to serum levels of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) metabolites in both partners. I
Quality requirements play a critical role in driving architectural design and are an important issue in software development. Therefore, quality requirements need to be considered, specified, and quantified early during system analysis and not later in the development phase in an ad-hoc fashion. This paper presents the quality performance model that estimates quality targets in relation to market
Popular Abstract in Swedish Bakgrund och metod Diagnosen språkstörning ställs när ett barn inte utvecklar sina språkliga förmågor i förväntad takt och där inga andra underliggande svårigheter, såsom ofullständig språklig stimulans, hörselproblem, eller avvikande neurologisk utveckling, kan förklara problemen. Språkstörning är en relativt vanlig funktionsnedsättning som drabbar runt sju procent av Children with language impairment (LI) often exhibit lexical difficulties with negative consequences for school success. Lexical size and lexical organization have both been found to be affected, with problems in lexical organization exceeding those in lexical size. The research on LI has had a long-standing focus on monolingual children, resulting in assessment routines ill-suited for bilingual c
