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The Shapes of Z-alpha(1)-Antitrypsin Polymers in Solution Support the C-Terminal Domain-Swap Mechanism of Polymerization

Emphysema and liver cirrhosis can be caused by the Z mutation (Glu342Lys) in the serine protease inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT), which is found in more than 4% of the Northern European population. Homozygotes experience deficiency in the lung concomitantly with a massive accumulation of polymers within hepatocytes, causing their destruction. Recently, it was proposed that Z-alpha 1AT po

Characteristics of MHC Class I Genes in House Sparrows Passer domesticus as Revealed by Long cDNA Transcripts and Amplicon Sequencing.

In birds the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) organization differs both among and within orders; chickens Gallus gallus of the order Galliformes have a simple arrangement, while many songbirds of the order Passeriformes have a more complex arrangement with larger numbers of MHC class I and II genes. Chicken MHC genes are found at two independent loci, classical MHC-B and non-classical MHC-Y,

2s photoionization and subsequent Auger cascade in atomic Si

The 2s photoionization and subsequent Auger transition cascade in atomic Si were studied by means of synchrotron-radiation-induced electron spectroscopy. After the 2s photoionization, the core hole states decay predominantly by a two-step Auger transition cascade into the triply ionized [Ne]nl states. The ionization channels of the 2s core-ionized Si+ atoms to Si3+ ions were observed by measuring

Prediction of hydration free energies for the SAMPL4 data set with the AMOEBA polarizable force field.

Hydration free energy calculations are often used to validate molecular simulation methodologies and molecular mechanics force fields. We use the free-energy perturbation method together with the AMOEBA polarizable force field and the Poltype parametrization protocol to predict the hydration free energies of 52 molecules as part of the SAMPL4 blind challenge. For comparison, similar calculations a

Superior photoprotective motifs and mechanisms in eumelanins uncovered.

Human pigmentation is a complex phenomenon commonly believed to serve a photoprotective function through the generation and strategic localization of black insoluble eumelanin biopolymers in sun exposed areas of the body. Despite compelling biomedical relevance to skin cancer and melanoma, eumelanin photoprotection is still an enigma: What makes this pigment so efficient in dissipating the excess

Emulsifying triglycerides with dairy phospholipids instead of soy lecithin modulates gut lipase activity

A high energy supply and appropriate amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids is crucial for proper growth and development in neonates. The capacity for fatty acid absorption in newborns is however hampered due to an undeveloped pancreatic function combined with a low bile output. This seems in particular to limit fatty acid absorption in babies given infant formulas. Since interaction between the li

Implementation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Beads for Surface Enhanced Raman Detection

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have a predesigned molecular recognition capability that can be used to build robust chemical sensors. MIP-based chemical sensors allow label-free detection and are particularly interesting due to their simple operation. In this work we report the use of thiol-terminated MIP microspheres to construct surfaces for detection of a model organic analyte, nicotine,

Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 Is Associated With Fat Mass and Dyslipidemia in Two Independent Cohorts of Elderly Individuals

Objective-Disturbances in mineral metabolism define an increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease. Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a circulating regulator of phosphate and vitamin D metabolism and has recently been implicated as a putative pathogenic factor in cardiovascular disease. Because other members of the FGF family play a role in lipid and glucose metaboli

Formation of short-chain Fatty acids, excretion of anthocyanins, and microbial diversity in rats fed blackcurrants, blackberries, and raspberries.

Introduction. Berries contain high amounts of dietary fibre and flavonoids and have been associated with improved metabolic health. The mechanisms are not clear but the formation of SCFAs, especially propionic and butyric acids, could be important. The potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of flavonoids could also be a factor, but little is known about their fate in the gastrointestinal

Arterial and venous thrombosis in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma: a population-based study

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Interestingly, excess risk of venous thromboembolism has been observed among patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Using population-based data from Sweden, we assessed the risks of venous and arterial thrombosis in 18 627 MM and 5326 MGUS patients diagnosed from 1958 to 2006, compare

Antagonistic Human FcγRIIB (CD32B) Antibodies Have Anti-Tumor Activity and Overcome Resistance to Antibody Therapy In Vivo.

Therapeutic antibodies have transformed cancer therapy, unlocking mechanisms of action by engaging the immune system. Unfortunately, cures rarely occur and patients display intrinsic or acquired resistance. Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting human (h) FcγRIIB (CD32B), a receptor implicated in immune cell desensitization and tumor cell resistance. FcγRIIB-blocking antibodie

Design of a humidity controlled sample stage for simultaneous conductivity and synchrotron X-ray scattering measurements.

We report on the design and operation of a novel sample stage, used to simultaneously measure X-ray scattering profiles and conductivity of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) surrounded by humid air as a function of temperature and relative humidity. We present data obtained at the Advanced Light Source and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. We demonstrate precise humidity control and ac

Modification of the Size of Supported Clusters by Coadsorption of an Organic Compound: Gold and l-Cysteine on Rutile TiO(2)(110).

Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy we studied the coadsorption of the amino acid l-cysteine and gold on a rutile TiO(2)(110) surface under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Irrespective of the deposition order, i.e., irrespective of whether l-cysteine or gold is deposited first, the primary interaction between l-cysteine and the gold clusters formed at the surface takes place through the deprotonat

Verification that common variation at 2q37.1, 6p25.3, 11q24.1, 15q23, and 19q13.32 influences chronic lymphocytic leukaemia risk

P>A recent genome wide association study of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) provided evidence that common variation at 2q13 (rs17483466), 2q37.1 (rs13397985), 6p25.3 (rs872071), 11q24.1 (rs735665), 15q23 (rs7176508) and 19q13.32 (rs11083846) affects CLL risk. To verify and further explore the relationship between these variants and CLL risk we genotyped case-control datasets from Spain and Swe

Reduced, tame and exotic fusion systems

We define here two new classes of saturated fusion systems: reduced fusion systems and tame fusion systems. These are motivated by our attempts to better understand and search for exotic fusion systems: fusion systems which are not the fusion systems of any finite group. Our main theorems say that every saturated fusion system reduces to a reduced fusion system which is tame only if the original o