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Background: Dietary fibre is fermented by the colonic microbiota to carboxylic acids (CA), with potential health effects associated in particular with butyric and propionic acid. Objective: To investigate the formation of CA in the hindgut of healthy rats fed dietary fibre from different fractions of wheat shorts, a by-product of the milling of wheat. Design: Rats were fed dietary fibre (80 g/kg f

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a highly virulent pathogen that can cause diarrhea and a life-threatening disease known as hemolytic uremic syndrome. EHEC possess an array of virulence factors that can exert severe consequences in the host. Shiga toxin constitutes a key virulence factor. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a leading cause of infant diarrhea. EHEC and EPEC are

In this paper, we introduce a time-frequency spectral estimator for smooth spectra, allowing for irregularly sampled measurements. A non-parametric representation of the time dependent (TD) covariance matrix is formed by assuming that the spectrum is piecewise linear. Using this representation, the time-frequency spectrum is then estimated by solving a convex covariance fitting problem, which also

ASHEIM B. The changing role of learning regions in the globalizing knowledge economy: a theoretical re-examination, Regional Studies. Highlighting four theoretical developments, this paper theoretically re-examines the learning region in view of the changing roles of regions in the globalizing knowledge economy: (1) from specific contexts to general regional development strategies; (2) introducing

Objective. The study was designed as a prospective non-interventional, observational study to elucidate the potential value of fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler velocimetry to identify brain-sparing flow in a surveillance program for suspected intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Material and methods. The study was carried out at Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. One hundred and twen

The Autism-Tics, AD/HD, and other Comorbidities (A-TAC) inventory is used in epidemiological research to assess neurodevelopmental problems and coexisting conditions. Although the A-TAC has been applied in various populations, data on retest reliability are limited. The objective of the present study was to present additional reliability data. The A-TAC was administered by lay assessors and was co

Objective. To investigate the type of urinary diversion performed after cystectomy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer in Sweden, using data from a population-based national register. Material and methods. Since 1997, the Swedish Bladder Cancer Register has included more than 90% of all patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer. The different types of urinary diversion performed in

Despite almost 100 years of research, the fundamentals of fire spalling of concrete are not yet fully understood. Many different theories exist, each trying to describe the coupling between different phenomenon leading to fire spalling. Some of these phenomenon have been investigated and are presented in this thesis. The thermal properties at high temperature have been investigated using the Trans

The European Medicines Agency does not recommend the use of hydroxyethyl starch-based volume replacement solutions in critically ill patients due to an increased risk of renal failure. However, this recommendation is questionable for its perioperative use. Several recent randomised controlled studies do not indicate a risk for renal failure-not even after high-risk surgery. Human albumin is used i

Objective : To determine the association between health-risk behaviors and a history of sexual coercion among urban Chinese high school students. Design : A cross-sectional study was performed among 109,754 high school students who participated in the 2005 Chinese Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Data were analyzed for 5,215 students who had experienced sexual intercourse (1,483 girls, 3,732 boys). Mul

Background: Studying contemporary hybridization increases our understanding of introgression, adaptation and, ultimately, speciation. The sister species Ischnura elegans and I. graellsii (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) are ecologically, morphologically and genetically similar and hybridize. Recently, I. elegans has colonized northern Spain, creating a broad sympatric region with I. graellsii. Here, we r

The spectroscopy and structure of excited states of N similar to Z nuclei in the mass 70-100 region has been investigated using two techniques. In the A similar to 70-80 region fusion evaporation reactions coupled with the recoil-beta-tagging method have been employed at Jyvaskyla to study low-lying states in odd-odd N = Z nuclei. Results from these and other data for known odd-odd nuclei above ma

High-spin states in I-122 have been investigated using the Cd-116(B-11,5n)I-122 reaction at a beam energy of 65 MeV and gamma-ray coincidence events were recorded with the INGA spectrometer. The level scheme of I-122 has been extended up to spin I = 30. Experimental features, such as band-crossing frequencies, aligned angular momenta, signature splitting, and B(M1)/B(E2) ratios have been used for

Science, technology and innovation have grown in importance over the last 50 years as we have moved towards a more knowledge-intensive society (the 'knowledge society'). A number of new research fields have emerged in an effort to understand these developments and to offer advice to decision-makers in government, industry and elsewhere. This special issue focuses on studies of three relatively dis

Feedbacks between the terrestrial carbon cycle and the atmosphere have the potential to greatly modify expected rates of future climate change. This makes it all the more urgent to exploit all existing data for the purpose of accurate modelling of the underlying processes. Here we use a Bayesian random sampling method to constrain parameters of the Farquhar model of leaf photosynthesis and a model

Integration of first- and second-generation ethanol production can facilitate the introduction of second-generation lignocellulosic ethanol production. Consolidation of the second-generation with the first-generation process can potentially reduce the downstream processing cost for the second-generation process as well as providing the first-generation process with energy. This study presents nove

The background of this study is a project aiming at assessing the quality of teaching and learning in scientific computing in different cultural settings. This, we hope will lead us to constructing standards, which can provide outcomes of comparable quality in scientific computing in different countries and societies. Specifically we want to gain insight which quality benchmarks are suitable for t