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The compositional and nano-structural basis of fracture healing in healthy and osteoporotic bone

Osteoporosis, a prevalent metabolic bone disorder, predisposes individuals to increased susceptibility to fractures. It is also, somewhat controversially, thought to delay or impair the regenerative response. Using high-resolution Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and small/wide-angle X-ray scattering we sought to answer the following questions: Does the molecular composition and the nano-st

Managing a Century of Debt

This paper provides a consistent series for the Irish national debt since the foundation of the state in 1922. It also provides a continuous series for bond yields over the same period. The paper examines the factors behind the fluctuations in the debt burden over almost a century. The management of the debt burden by the Irish authorities has evolved over time, seeking to minimise both the burden

Change in Body Weight from Age 20 Years Is a Powerful Determinant of the Metabolic Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Higher body weight is a well-known determinant of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. It is however less well studied how the change in weight from age 20 years to middle age or old age affects MetS development.METHODS: In the community-based EpiHealth (n = 19,000, age range 45 to 75 years, 56% females) and PIVUS (n = 1000, all aged 70 years, 50% females) studies, the par

Bodies, doings, and gendered ideals in Swedish graffiti

Drawing from extensive fieldwork among graffiti writers in Sweden this article investigates gendered identity work and its consequences. It points to how potentially inclusive aspects of disembodied subcultural Performances-that identities are negotiated through the material representation of the writer rather than on basis of the physical body-nevertheless work exclu-dingly, especially so in term

Blood lactate is a predictor of short-term mortality in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure but without cardiogenic shock

Background: Mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has improved substantially with modern therapy including percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) but remains high in certain subgroups such as patients presenting with overt cardiogenic shock. However, the risk for AMI in patients presenting acutely with signs of heart failure but without cardiogenic shock is less well desc

Protein-water interactions studied by molecular dynamics simulations

Most proteins have evolved to function optimally in aqueous environments, and the interactions between protein and water therefore play a fundamental role in the stability, dynamics, and function of proteins. Although we understand many details of water, we understand much less about the protein-water interface. In this thesis we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to cast light on many struct

Spotty Carotid Plaques Are Associated with Inflammation and the Occurrence of Cerebrovascular Symptoms

Background: Echolucent carotid plaques have been related to an increased risk of ischemic cerebrovascular events. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a new objective ultrasonographic parameter, the statistical geometric feature (SGF), reflecting spottiness of carotid plaques, can be associated with cerebrovascular symptoms and with a rupture-prone plaque phenotype. Methods: The pl

Local delivery of molecules from a nanopipette for quantitative receptor mapping on live cells

Using nanopipettes to locally deliver molecules to the surface of living cells could potentially open up studies of biological processes down to the level of single molecules. However, in order to achieve precise and quantitative local delivery it is essential to be able to determine the amount and distribution of the molecules being delivered. In this work, we investigate how the size of the nano

Development of two-moment cloud microphysics for liquid and ice within the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS-5)

This work presents the development of a two-moment cloud microphysics scheme within version 5 of the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5). The scheme includes the implementation of a comprehensive stratiform microphysics module, a new cloud coverage scheme that allows ice supersaturation, and a new microphysics module embedded within the moist convection parameterization of GEOS-5. Compreh

Fish Lenses : Anatomy and Optics

How fish eyes may save yours?According to the World Health Organization, cataract was responsible for over half of the blindness world-wide in 2010. Getting a cataract means that the lens inside your eye gets clouded, preventing clear, sharp vision. Cataract can be caused by age, physical trauma, genetics, or even skin disease. It can virtually happen to everyone. It is possible to fix cataract byI have investigated some of the biological regulatory mechanisms governing the development of crystalline lenses. I used fish as model animals because they possess optically interesting lenses, while the geometrical simplicity of fish lenses allows for studies that are difficult or impossible with the lenses of other animals.First we have investigated lens optical plasticity by measuring longitudi