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Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects 50 million people worldwide. The immune system plays a major role in the pathogenesis of AD. Several retrospective analyses have reported a decreased risk of AD and other dementias in bladder cancer patients treated with immunotherapy in the form of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) bladder instillations. We tested this hypothesis in a Swedish population-ba

BACKGROUND: There are few data on outcomes after reintervention for persistent or recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The authors hypothesized that the variation in outcomes at the hospital level after reoperation would be significant. After accounting for this variability, some patient-level clinical criteria could be identified to help inform treatment decisions in this patient populat

The implementation of sputter-deposited TiOx as an electron transport layer in nonfullerene acceptor-based organic photovoltaics has been shown to significantly increase the long-term stability of devices compared to conventional solution-processed ZnO due to a decreased photocatalytic activity of the sputtered TiOx. In this work, we utilize synchrotron-based photoemission and absorption spectrosc

Introduction: In gender-skewed conditions such as Graves’ disease (GD), the outcome naturally becomes dominated by the majority. This may lead to gender-biased misunderstandings regarding treatment outcomes. This especially holds true when complications, such as depression, are unevenly distributed. We have, therefore, studied the long-term outcome of GD from a gender perspective. Materials and Me

Introduction: timely access to safe cesarean section (c-section) delivery can save the lives of mothers and neonates. This paper explores how distance affects c-section access in rural sub-Saharan Africa, where women in labor present to health centers before being referred to district hospitals for surgical care. Methods: this study included all adult women delivering via c-section between April 2

The Care of Late-Stage Parkinsonism (CLaSP) study is a longitudinal, multicentre, prospective cohort study to assess the needs and provision of care for people with late-stage Parkinson’s disease and their caregivers in six European countries. As a cross-sectional study within the CLaSP study, 509 people with Parkinson’s disease completed the “Schedule-for-Meaning-in-Life-Evaluation” (SMiLE) quest

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a key enabler for future 6G networks. Currently, related architecture works propose AI-based applications and network services that are dedicated to specific tasks (e.g., improving the performance of RAN with AI). These proposed architectures offer a unique way to collect data, process it, and extract features from data for each AI-based application. However, this d

Serial and time-resolved macromolecular crystallography are on the rise. However, beam time at X-ray free-electron lasers is limited and most thirdgeneration synchrotron-based macromolecular crystallography beamlines do not offer the necessary infrastructure yet. Here, a new setup is demonstrated, based on the JUNGFRAU detector and Jungfraujoch data-acquisition system, that enables collection of k

The ubiquitin kinase-ligase pair PINK1-PRKN recognizes and transiently labels damaged mitochondria with ubiquitin phosphorylated at Ser65 (p-S65-Ub) to mediate their selective degradation (mitophagy). Complete loss of PINK1 or PRKN function unequivocally leads to early-onset Parkinson disease, but it is debated whether impairments in mitophagy contribute to disease later in life. While the pathway

We consider the multivariate moment generating function of the disk counting statistics of a model Mittag-Leffler ensemble in the presence of a hard wall. Let n be the number of points. We focus on two regimes: (a) the “hard edge regime” where all disk boundaries are at a distance of order n1 from the hard wall, and (b) the “semi-hard edge regime” where all disk boundaries are at a distance of ord

Ecological intensification has been embraced with great interest by the academic sector but is still rarely taken up by farmers because monitoring the state of different ecological functions is not straightforward. Modelling tools can represent a more accessible alternative of measuring ecological functions, which could help promote their use amongst farmers and other decision-makers. In the case

We propose to use quantum information notions to characterize thermally induced melting of nonperturbative bound states at high temperatures. We apply tensor networks to investigate this idea in static and dynamical settings within the Ising quantum field theory, where bound states are confined fermion pairs - mesons. An equilibrium signature of meson melting is identified in the temperature depen

Cancer is a life-threatening disease worldwide. Nanomedicine and nanodelivery systems are recently developed scientific field that employs specific materials in the nanoscale range to deliver drugs. Lipid-based nanoparticles are an ideal delivery system since they exhibit many advantages, including high bioavailability, self-assembly, formulation simplicity, and the ability to exhibit a plethora o

Let T be an n× n truncation of an (n+ α) × (n+ α) Haar distributed unitary matrix. We consider the disk counting statistics of the eigenvalues of T. We prove that as n→ + ∞ with α fixed, the associated moment generating function enjoys asymptotics of the form exp(C1n+C2+o(1)), where the constants C1 and C2 are given in terms of the incomplete Gamma function. Our proof uses the uniform asymptotics

Public-domain availability for bioinformatics software resources is a key requirement that ensures long-term permanence and methodological reproducibility for research and development across the life sciences. These issues are particularly critical for widely used, efficient, and well-proven methods, especially those developed in research settings that often face funding discontinuities. We re-lau

Aims Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a T cell subset that is CD1d-restricted and expresses a semi-invariant T cell receptor, have been proposed to contribute to dyslipidaemia-driven cardiovascular disease due to their ability to specifically recognize lipid antigens. Studies in mice have attributed pro-atherogenic properties to iNKT cells, but studies in humans investigating associations

In the cuprate superconductors, the spatial coherence of the charge density wave (CDW) state grows below a temperature TCDW, the origin of which is debated. Using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, we have studied the temporal atomic relaxation dynamics in La1.88Sr0.12CuO4 to shed light on this question. Cooling within an emergent structurally distorted phase, which favors the CDW modulation i