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We present the first comprehensive, long run salary information on Swedish middle-class employees before the twentieth century. Our data include, for instance, school teachers, professors, clerks, policemen and janitors in Stockholm and Sweden, ca. 1830–1940. We use the new data to compare the annual earnings of these middle-class employees with the annual earnings of farm workers, unskilled const

Given the increasingly polarized debates in many modern democracies over migration and integration, the behaviour of members of parliament (MPs) with a migrant background has important implications for patterns of representation. Drawing on role congruity theory, we hypothesize that MPs with a migrant background deliver more legislative speeches in debates that are of interest for citizens with a

Different types of white bread are sold and widely consumed worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the starch digestibility in the crust of different white breads. Three popular commercial white breads were analyzed for dietary fiber (DF), thermal properties, texture, starch hydrolysis and resistant starch (RS) contents, in freshly baked and stored samples. The DF content in fresh

Crustacean copepods in high-latitude lakes frequently alter their pigmentation facultatively to defend themselves against prevailing threats, such as solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and visually oriented predators. Strong seasonality in those environments promotes phenotypic plasticity. To date, no one has investigated whether low-latitude copepods, experiencing continuous stress from UVR and pr

Research has dealt extensively with different aspects of climate change and winter tourism such as the impact on ski resorts and ski lift operators, adaptation strategies, governance at destinations and reactions of winter sports guests to changing snow conditions. This paper goes deeper into the question of destination choice and examines the role of climate change among the many factors affectin

The digital twin is a rather new industrial control and automation systems concept. While the approach so far has gained interest mainly due to capabilities to make advanced simulations and optimizations, recently the possibilities for enhanced security have got attention within the research community. In this paper, we discuss how a digital twin replication model and corresponding security archit

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare and validate the different classifications of severity in acute pancreatitis (AP) and to investigate which characteristics of the disease are associated with worse outcomes. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: AP is a heterogeneous disease, ranging from uneventful cases to patients with considerable morbidity and high mortality rates. Severity classification

A charging infrastructure of electric vehicles is important in order to make the transition from fossil fuels to electricity. There are multiple charging methods, one of which is to use an Electric Road System (ERS)as a static charger. The connection between an ERS and a vehicle is automatic and gives an advantage over other systems which require a human to connect a plug. The focus of the study p

Autonomous machines are in the near future likely to increasingly interact with humans, and carry out their functions outside controlled settings. Both of these developments increase the requirements of machines to be trustworthy to humans. In this work, we argue that machines may also benefit from being able to explicitly build or withdraw trust with specific humans. The latter is relevant in sit

Butyl 10-undecenoate was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog methyl undec-10-enoate (CAS # 111-81-9) show that butyl 10-undecenoate is not expected to be genotoxic. Data on butyl 10-undecenoate and read-across analog methyl

Background: School bullying is a widespread phenomenon across the world, which involves bystanders who take on various roles. Motivation to defend victims is important to investigate because it helps us devise better, evidence-based, anti-bullying interventions. Objective: We aimed to determine whether students’ behavioral and emotional strengths and difficulties and student–teacher relationships

Since the Dawn of Man the metallic iron has been a giant issue for the daily life of humans by using for developments and generality prosper. This "hot" metal is still the most wanted and needed metal for all mankind. Sandvik Mining and Construction has for the last ten years increased our knowledge for the development for crushers, crushing and crusher automation and we have created new frontiersSince the Dawn of Man the metallic iron has been a giant issue for the daily life of humans by using for developments and generality prosper. This "hot" metal is still the most wanted and needed metal for all mankind. Sandvik Mining and Construction has for the last ten years increased our knowledge for the development for crushers, crushing and crusher automation and we have created new frontiers

Among the biggest challenges for researchers of human-robot interaction is imbuing robots with lifelong learning capacities that allow efficient interactions between humans and robots. In order to address this challenge we are developing computational mechanisms for a humanoid robotic agent utilizing both system 1 and system 2-like cognitive processing capabilities. At the core of this processing

Over the last two decades, electrification has gained importance as a means to decarbonise the transport sector. As the number of Electric Vehicles (EVs)increases, it is important to consider broader system aspects as well, especially when deciding the type, coverage, size and location of the charging infrastructure required. In this article, a Multi-Agent model depicting long distance transport i