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Popular Abstract in English At the beginning of 20th century, scientists started to realize that atoms exhibited the discrete behaviour, e.g. the energies of bond electrons were not continuously distributed, but had discrete values. Light is also transmitted as discrete packages (called photons). These phenomena can not be explained by classical physics, which has been accepted as the law of descrThe work presented in this thesis was concerned with investigating the relevant spectroscopic properties of Ce ions randomly doped in an Y2SiO5 crystal at low temperatures (around 4 K), in order to develop a technique and an experimental set-up to detect the fluorescence photons emitted by a single Ce ion. The aim of the work was to determine whether a single Ce ion (referred to as the readout ion

Planning for future energy-efficient and energy-producing buildings requires specific knowledge during the design process. Many design decisions taken by urban planners –form, density, roof type and orientation – have a significant effect on the conditions of such buildings, although urban planners might not always be aware of the effect of their design. This study examines the effects of importan

Although the stored energy of an antenna is instrumental in the evaluation of antenna Q and the associated physical bounds, it is difficult to strictly define stored energy. Classically, the stored energy is either determined from the input impedance of the antenna or the electromagnetic fields around the antenna. The new energy expressions proposed by Vandenbosch express the stored energy in the

Introduction: The Lund University Faculty of Engineering's LibQual+® survey 2007 showed that students and faculty had difficulties finding the information they needed at the libraries' Websites. To be able to improve the Websites, we needed to find out how the users navigated the Websites, as well as what content they needed. Method: Twenty-four students and faculty members were filmed and audio-t

En genväg för att snabbare nå den hägrande matsäcken resulterade i en ny vildväxande art för Sverige. Torbjörn Tyler var den hungrige.

Statligt stöd till kommuner i finansiella svårigheter förknippas ofta med efterföljande brister i kommunernas ekonomiska hushållning, eftersom kommunerna förväntar sig att staten griper in i svåra tider. Tidigare studier har dock undersökt stöd utan tydligt specificerade krav på motprestationer från mottagarnas sida. Vi studerar utvecklingen av kostnader och resultat under 2000-talet i de kommuner

Projekt Trapphuset Rosengård, Malmö, inleddes i maj 2008 och avslutades i april 2010. Projektet är en efterföljare till projekt Trappan, som pågick under perioden februari 2006 till juni 2007. Båda projekten har byggt på samarbete med AUC/AIC Rosengård och ABF/ABL Malmö, samt finansierats av medel från Europeiska Socialfonden och medfinansierats av Malmö Stad. Den här utvärderingsrapporten avser d

We examine how Private Investment in Public Equity (PIPE) contracts allocate contingent cash flow rights between investors and issuers and the role of placement agents in PIPE contract design. Issuers advised by expert agents agree to more investor-friendly terms than issuers advised by nonexpert agents. Expert agents appear to help issuers understand the payoff consequences of negotiable terms. M

The acid base speciation of surface-active carboxylate ions in the surface region of aqueous solutions was studied with synchrotron-radiation-based photoelectron spectroscopy. The protonated form was found at an extraordinarily large fraction compared to that expected from the bulk pH. When adding salts containing the weak acid NH4+ to the solution, the fraction of the acidic form at the surface i

It is hypothesized that nonverbal behaviors of team sport athletes have an important impact on the course of the game. However, quantitative research on this topic is rare, partly due to a lack of scientifically sound coding schemes developed to assess nonverbal behavior in team sports. The aim of the present study is to develop a coding scheme that measures nonverbal behaviors displayed by female

Background: Valid and reliable ischemic stroke subtype determination is crucial for well-powered multicenter studies. The Causative Classification of Stroke System (CCS, available at http://ccs.mgh.harvard.edu) is a computerized, evidence-based algorithm that provides both causative and phenotypic stroke subtypes in a rule-based manner. We determined whether CCS demonstrates high interrater reliab

Background: Knowledge regarding the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with celiac disease remains limited and inconclusive. We investigated the HRQoL of three groups of 12-year-olds with: i) undetected celiac disease ii) clinically diagnosed celiac disease, and iii) without celiac disease. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional multicenter screening study invited 18 325 children,

Background: One of the main causes of mortality and morbidity following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is the development of cerebral vasospasm, a frequent complication arising in the weeks after the initial bleeding. Despite extensive research, to date no effective treatment of vasospasm exists. Prostacyclin is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. In vitro models have shown

This thesis presents an improved version of the classic relay autotuner. The proposed autotuner uses an asymmetric relay function to better excite the process in the experiment phase. The improved excitation provides the possibility to obtain better models and hence better tuning, without making the autotuner more complicated or time consuming.Some processes demand more accurate modeling and tunin

Structured illumination (SI), which is an imaging technique that is employed in a variety of fields, permits unique possibilities to suppress unwanted signal contributions that carry misguiding information such as out-of-focus light or multiply scattered light. So far SI has been applied mostly for averaged imaging or for imaging of slowly occurring events because it requires three acquisitions (s