The mitochondrial genome almost exclusively encodes a handful of transmembrane constituents of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Coordinated expression of these genes ensures the correct stoichiometry of the system's components. Translation initiation in mitochondria is assisted by two general initiation factors mIF2 and mIF3, orthologues of which in bacteria are indispensible for pro

RNA polymerases differ functionally and structurally in the initiation phase of transcription, when polymerization of 8-12 nucleotides occurs, from the later phases of transcription. Here we argue that the ribosome also might have different properties when translating the first codons in open reading frames, as compared with the later phases of translation.

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany, provides unique possibilities for a new generation of hadron-, nuclear- and atomic physics experiments. The future antiProton ANnihilations at DArmstadt (PANDA or P ¯ ANDA) experiment at FAIR will offer a broad physics programme, covering different aspects of the strong interaction. Understanding the latter in the non-pertu

The knowledge about the hydraulic conductivity of the subsurface is crucial to know as it is a main parameter for groundwater flow characterization within an aquifer. The geophysical method time-domain Induced Polarisation has been shown to be useful for estimating the hydraulic conductivity. By using a new inversion approach, where we directly invert for hydraulic properties as inversion paramete

The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the formation of a functional decidua. The concentrations of plasminogen activators and plasminogen activator inhibitors in intrauterine decidua from normal and ectopic pregnancies were compared. Intrauterine decidua was obtained by curettage from 17 women with ectopic pregnancies and from five women with normal pregnancies. T

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that cardiovascular physiology differs in reflex syncope patients compared with the general population, predisposing such individuals to vasovagal reflex.METHODS: In this multicohort cross-sectional study, we compared aggregate data of resting SBP, DBP, pulse pressure (PP) and heart rate (HR), collected from six community-based cohort studies (64 968 observations) with

Background: Age, sex, and body constitution may affect the shedding of membrane bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (mACE2) and lead to a relative mACE2 deficiency. However, it is unclear if differences, reflected by serum renin levels, exist in the basal renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) between children and adults, boys, and girls as well as young women and young men. Furthermore, it remains to b

We and others have previously identified serotonin transporter mRNA throughout the trigeminal system in the whisker region, trigeminal ganglion, trigeminal nucleus and thalamic relay stations. In order to further implicate a role for the serotonin transporter in this sensory system, we have now characterized serotonin transporter gene expression and function in primary cultures from the rat snout,

Butterflies look like no other flying animal, with unusually short, broad and large wings relative to their body size. Previous studies have suggested butterflies use several unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms to boost force production with upstroke wing clap being a prominent feature. When the wings clap together at the end of upstroke the air between the wings is pressed out, creating a jet, pushin

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis (AP). Activation of the complement cascade has been shown to occur in AP. The aim of this study was to examine whether complement component 3 is involved in the generation of NETs in AP.METHODS: AP was induced in wild-type and C3-deficient mice by retrograde infusion o

Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group B Streptococcus (GBS), is the major cause of neonatal sepsis in humans. A critical step to infection is adhesion of bacteria to epithelial surfaces. GBS adhesins have been identified to bind extracellular matrix components and cellular receptors. However, several putative adhesins have no host binding partner characterised. We report here that surface-

This Element is a contribution to a new generation of corpus pragmatics research by taking as its starting point the multifaceted nature of speech acts in conversation, and by adopting a mixed-methods approach. Through a unique combination of theoretical, qualitative, quantitative, and statistical approaches, it provides a detailed investigation of advice-giving and advice uptake in relation to (i

The term ´lifestyle enterprise´ is often used to describe enterprising in small enterprises, and particularly those small enterprises involved in tourism. Although this lifestyle enterprising phenomenon has been the subject of scholarly investigations since at least the late 1980s, conceptual and theoretical development remains lacking. Typically conceived in objectivist terms as a form of entrepr

Induced polarization (IP) is an acknowledged method in ore exploration and can be applied to evaluate the metal content in dumps containing the residues of ore processing facilities. Existing models explain the relationships between ore content and grain size of the ore particles with IP parameters. However, the models assume full water saturation of the ore containing samples, which is often not

Background: Malignant Mesothelioma (MM), an orphan but aggressive malignancy of the mesothelial membrane, is a fatal tumor. Global epidemic related to malignant pleural mesothelioma is on the rise, so there is a need to explore novel biomarkers and ingenious therapeutic approaches to stalk this silent killer.Objective: The main aim of the present review is to provide a consolidated overview of the

Water contamination with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a serious problem for water suppliers in many regions. Due to persistence of the substances and a complex distribution mechanism, PFAS can have an adverse impact on water quality. Reported toxicological and health effects, make it very important to minimise the of wildlife and human exposure to PFAS. The exposure path is, howev

Opposition to immigration has featured prominently in the “cultural backlash” to globalization in Western nations and was a key determinant of Britain’s Brexit referendum. In this article, we draw on theories of intergroup threat to examine the effect of “right-wing authoritarianism” on immigration attitudes in the UK. Previous research suggests that cultural aspects of immigration are especially