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Production of Recombinant Antibodies Using Modular Cloning Antibodies are a part of the immune system tasked in recognizing and binding foreign substances, antigens, and recruiting other parts of the immune system to neutralize them. Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins consisting of two heavy and two light chains. Both light and heavy chains contribute to the variable and constant regions of the ant

Close encounters of the TE kind: molecular consequences of MORC2 mutations Nearly half of our DNA is composed of transposable elements (TEs), sequences that can copy and move around within the genome. When they move, they can disrupt the stability of our genome and cause damage to our cells. In response to that, cells have evolved mechanisms to minimize their movements. One protein that repress

Ryktesspridning och mellanhänder har aldrig varit viktigare Immunförsvaret är din kropps skydd mot omvärldens patogener – mikroskopiska organismer som kan framkalla sjukdom. Ett virus, en bakterie eller en parasit. Immunförsvaret kan liknas vid en armé där, liksom vid fronten av ett krig, olika befattningar har särkilda arbetsuppgifter. Likaså har de olika immuncellerna särkilda arbetsuppgifter. The field of cancer immunology is complex and diverse. In the case of breast cancer, recent advances indicate a prognostic relevance of the lymph node resident subcapsular sinus macrophage (CD169+ macrophages). Depending on the location of its presence, it is correlated with either an improved or worsened prognosis. Remarkably, these CD169+ macrophages display the function of aiding B cell activat

A much debated topic in recent studies of ultrafast exciton dynamics in molecular aggregates has been the precise definition of the exciton coherence domain in the B850 aggregate of photosynthetic purple bacteria. In this work we compare several measures of exciton delocalization and their variation with temperature, inhomogeneous broadening, and time. We find that the exciton wave packet prepared

Staten har — inte minst med tanke på det förändrade omvärldsläget — god anledning att vara tydlig i kommunikationen, så att statens institutioner inte förväxlas med privata verksamheter. Detta gör att det rättsliga skyddet för statssymboler blir en viktigare fråga än tidigare. Men regelverket avseende svenska statssymboler och andra officiella symboler (såsom kommunvapen) är ganska svåröverskådlig

BackgroundAntibiotics are handled in large amounts at hospitals at many different wards due to the wide range of bacterial infections that are treated. Unnecessary use and occupational exposure to antibiotics should be avoided due to the risk of bacterial resistance development and adverse health effects including skin and respiratory hypersensitivity reactions in persons handling these drugs.Obje

Anisotropy and isotropic transient absorption decays of a polythiophene derivative in dilute solution have been measured and compared to calculated decays on Monte Carlo simulated polymer chains to obtain knowledge about the geometrical conformation of the polymer. The polymer chain conformations are generated by a partially correlated self-avoiding random walk. Excitation migration along the isol

Software analytics (SA) is often proposed as a tool to support software engineering (SE) tasks. Several secondary studies on SA have been published, some published within the same calendar year. This presents an opportunity to take a meta-perspective and examine how the field of SA has been conceptualized and synthesized so far. By analyzing how SA is defined, which topics are emphasized, what sea

Context: Anomaly detection is crucial for maintaining cloud-based software systems, as it enables early identification and resolution of unexpected failures. Given rapid and significant advances in the anomaly detection domain and the complexity of its industrial implementation, an overview of techniques that utilize real-world operational data is needed. Aim: This study aims to complement existin

Developing novel organic photovoltaic materials for organic solar cells (OSCs) requires precise characterization of their charge transfer states to optimize the photoinduced charge transfer mechanisms within the photoactive layer. The microscopic photoelectric properties of the S-shaped (DYA-I-S) and O-shaped (DYA-I-O) conformations of dimeric small molecule acceptors (DSMAs) are analyzed through

Introduction. In this article we explore how findings from existing research on time, temporality and migration can be relevant to social work practice and inform social workers’ interaction with migrating individuals. In social work literature, time mainly appear as part of the procedural knowledge as organizationally decided time frames and deadlines for work which is sometimes internalized and

We have used approximately 40 fs pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser to investigate the ultrafast energy transfer and relaxation dynamics in the light-harvesting pigment-proteins of photosynthetic purple bacteria. Our results reveal two new features, not earlier observed in light-harvesting pigments: (1) ultrafast relaxation characterized by a time constant of approximately 20 fs, which we interpret a

Using ≈ 40 fs pulses we have observed coherent nuclear motions in intact membrane bound photosynthetic light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes. Computer simulations based on the harmonic Franck-Condon approximation and the Langevin equation describe qualitatively well the temperature and pulse wavelength dependence of the oscillations, indicating the possibility to observe higher harmonics of t