Medical imaging techniques, such as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, have been used to gain a better understanding of the alterations of the metabolic processes in the brain relating to type 2 diabetes melltius, insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease. These studies have shown that there are several similarities in the effects that these see

Raptors have always fascinated mankind, owls for their highly sensitive vision, and eagles for their high visual acuity. We summarize what is presently known about the eyes as well as the visual abilities of these birds, and point out knowledge gaps. We discuss visual fields, eye movements, accommodation, ocular media transmittance, spectral sensitivity, retinal anatomy and what is known about vis

Segmented chip morphology has a significant influence on distribution of residual stress and surface topography on machined surface in machining difficult-to-cut materials. In this paper, Coupled Eulerian and Lagrangian (CEL) model is employed to investigate the effect of segmented chip on surface integrity (residual stress distribution and surface topography) in orthogonal machining of Inconel718

The intensification of agriculture has resulted in more homogeneous landscapes and declines of many species associated with farmland or other semi-natural open habitats. In parallel, forestry has also intensified causing declines in many species associated with old-growth forests. While intensive forestry negatively affects forest species, it inadvertently creates new habitats such as clear-cuts,

In this paper, a novel cognitive architecture for action recognition is developed by applying layers of growing grid neural networks. Using these layers makes the system capable of automatically arranging its representational structure. In addition to the expansion of the neural map during the growth phase, the system is provided with a prior knowledge of the input space, which increases the proce

Organisms in the wild are faced with multiple threats and a common response is a change in behaviour. To disentangle responses to several threats, we exposed two differently sized species of the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and predation from either moving pelagic or benthic ambush predators. Using an advanced nanotechnology-based method, we tracked the thre

Purpose: Clinical examination is an important part in the diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome. However, knowledge on reliability and validity of clinical diagnostic tests is scarce. The aims were to evaluate the inter-rater agreement and diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests to detect patients with FAI syndrome. Methods: Eighty-one patients (49% women) were recruited. Two expe

Background: Although alcohol use disorder (AUD) runs strongly within families, studies examining the impact of rearing environment, unconfounded by genetic effects, are rare and, to date, contradictory. We here seek to conduct such a study using an adoptive co-sib control design. Methods: Defining high-risk as having 3/41 biological parent with an externalizing syndrome (AUD, drug abuse or crime),

The purpose of this study is to look into patronage effects of extended supply outside peak hours on regional public transport services. Previous studies have shown that the service frequency is an attribute of great importance for regional passengers, but little is known about the details regarding peak and off-peak frequencies or service hours. The present study addresses this knowledge gap, dep

Recently, it was shown that sensory relearning of the upper limb (SENSUPP) is a promising intervention to improve sensorimotor function after stroke. There is limited knowledge, however, of how participants perceive the training. Here, we explored how persons with sensory impairments in the upper limb experienced the SENSUPP protocol (combined sensory-and motor training and home exercises for 5 we

The formulation of semolina pasta with reduced starch digestibility is of prime importance to deal with the adverse effects of the intake of rapidly digested carbohydrates on human health. This work focused on the effects of the production method (extrusion and lamination) and the addition of commercial Type 2 resistant starch (RS) on the molecular organization and in vitro starch digestibility of

This Special Issue provides diverse multidisciplinary entry points that convey the multi-layered complexity of the interactions between radical right populism, gender issues, and religious questions. It fills a gap in the scholarship dealing with the political and social manifestations of radical right populism. From a theoretical point of view, the connections between radical right populism and g

Biochar produced in cookstoves has the potential to contribute to negative carbon emissions through sequestration of biomass carbon while also providing other benefits for sustainable development, including provision of clean renewable energy and increased yields in tropical agriculture. The aim of the reported research was to estimate effects on food production, household energy access and life c

Earth-abundant first row transition metal complexes are important for the development of large-scale photocatalytic and solar energy conversion applications. Coordination compounds based on iron are especially interesting, as iron is the most common transition metal element in the Earth’s crust. Unfortunately, iron-polypyridyl and related traditional iron-based complexes generally suffer from poor

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the triage model Sepsis Alert for Emergency Departments results in improved initial care of patients with severe infections. DESIGN: Interventional study comparing patient care before and after the start of a new triage model, including 90-day follow-up. SETTING: Eight emergency departments in Skåne County, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Patients with suspected severe infection. I

This paper outlines promising avenues for empirical research on quantified control in healthcare work. A review of key insights from accounting, organization studies, and the emergent sociology of quantification indicates that numbers are productive as well as deceptive and seductive, that they enable control but can be evaded, and that they typically have unintended effects. It remains to be furt

Background: The worries of next of kin about their older loved ones in nursing homes can be extensive and can adversely affect their subjective experiences of their own physical, mental and social well-being. It is thus of utmost importance to measure the quality of life of next of kin in a valid and reliable way. Methods: The design is a cross-sectional study with psychometric evaluation based on

Monobutyrin (MB) and monovalerin (MV), esters of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have previously been shown to reduce liver cholesterol and inflammation in conventional rats fed high-fat diets. This study explored the potential effects of MB and MV in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) rats. ApoE-/-rats were fed three high-fat (HF) diets, pure or supplemented with MB or MV (