The smaller the features on the stamp the more important are the interactions between stamp and polymer layer. A stamp rich in small structures will effectively show a surface area enlargement, which generally leads to adhesion of the polymer to the stamp. This makes a subsequent imprint impossible without troublesome and time-consuming cleaning. The anti-adhesion properties of Si- or SiO2-based s

OBJECTIVE: To describe the rate of perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). DESIGN: Follow-up study of newborn children of mothers with chronic HCV infection. SETTING: A university hospital in Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen women with chronic HCV infection and their 21 newly born children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Detection of HCV RNA in serum by the polymerase chain reaction and detection

Ripple-laminated sandy deposits at shallow water depths in four rivers on Jameson Land, East Greenland were sampled for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. Silt-sized grains have significantly higher equivalent doses (similar to 1.1 Gy) than sand grains (similar to 0.1 Gy). This suggests that coarse grain-size fractions are better bleached and more suitable than fine grains for OSL dat

Transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) induces alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen synthesis in fibroblast both in vivo and in vitro and plays a significant role in tissue repair and the development of fibrosis. During these processes the fibroblasts differentiate into activated fibroblasts (so called myofibroblasts), characterized by increased alpha-SMA expression. Becaus

In this paper we elaborate on our novel concept and methodology for generating tailored communication protocols specific to an application’s requirements and the operating environment for a mobile node roaming among different access networks within the global Internet. Since the scheme that we present employs a universal technique, it can be also deployed in small-scale independent networks such a

Green manuring practices can influence soil microbial community composition and function and there is a need to investigate the influence compared with other types of organic amendment. This study reports long-term effects of green manure amendments on soil microbial properties, based on a field experiment started in 1956. In the experiment, various organic amendments, including green manure, have

No noninvasive methods exist currently with the capability of distinguishing between various stages of a sinus infection. We studied a method based on induced acoustic streaming in the accumulated fluid within the maxillary sinuses. The hypothesis was that acoustic streaming will not be induced at clinically acceptable intensity levels in infectious mucous fluid because of its high viscosity, wher

It has previously been reported that serotonin-stimulated second messenger formation is inhibited in platelets from alcoholics undergoing detoxification. Serotonin-stimulated signal transduction was therefore analysed in platelets from young post-withdrawal alcoholics to elucidate whether the previously reported inhibition is a state or trait marker of alcoholism. No difference between post-withdr

Eosinophilia is a characteristic feature of many inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. It also occurs in a subtype of rheumatoid arthritis but the role of eosinophils has been unclear and animal models have been lacking. Here, we introduce a new mouse model to study the role of eosinophilia in arthritis. Intraperitoneal injection of type II collagen alone, without

BCL11 genes play crucial roles in lymphopoiesis and have been associated with hematopoietic malignancies. Specifically, disruption of the BCL11B (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 11B) locus is linked to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and the loss of heterozygosity in mice results in T-cell lymphoma. BCL11 proteins are related C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factors that act as tra

Historically, Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI) has been equated with transmural MI. This association have, however, recently been rejected. The endocardial extent of MI is another potential determinant of pathological Q waves, since the first part of the QRS complex where the Q wave appears reflects depolarization of subendocardial myocardium. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test t

Based on a population-based cohort study, Olsson et al. [1993] found significant evidence for elevated incidence of breast and ovarian cancers among female first-degree relatives of men with breast cancer. Using an extension of logistic regressive models we investigate whether, after allowing for multifactorial familial correlations, single locus segregation could be the cause of the elevated inci

cThe study aimed to describe parents’ views of their early perception and detection that something was wrong with their child and to give a comprehensive description of early signs to help primary health care nurses to focus on relevant symptoms. Participants were 66 parents from a total of 37 families, a population-based sample from a Swedish county. Interview data were analyzed by manifest conte

Motor neurons to the slowly contracting extensor soleus muscle in behaving rats begin to fire tonically in the 2nd week after birth. In the adult, tonic firing becomes predominant and appears to arise from plateau potentials under monoaminergic control. In the present work, motor neurons to slowly contracting extensor soleus and rapidly contracting extensor digitorum longus, a physiological flexor

In order to study the early cellular response in the fluid phase found close to implants in soft tissues, an experimental method using a hollow implant was developed. The fluid present in an interior chamber communicating with the exterior of the implant was analysed. Polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNGs) were predominant during the study (1-9 days). In titanium implants a slight increase in cell