OBJECTIVE: We investigated the processes underlying glycemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 732 recently diagnosed patients with T2D from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (IMI DIRECT) study were extensively phenotyped over 3 years, including measures of insulin sensitivity (OGIS), β-cell glucose sensiti

Climate change is increasingly acknowledged as a threat to states and societies, and several international organizations are now seeking to respond to climate-related security risks. The EU’s comprehensive approach to security suggests that the Union is particularly well-suited to respond to such risks, but the EU has not yet developed a coherent policy. This article addresses the gap between disc

In the report we analyse the concept of capability and compare it to relatedconcepts such as resilience. With starting point in a sociotechnical systemperspective as well as existing research on capability and vulnerability wedevelop an analytical framework that could be used to study the capability indifferent energy systems. We suggest that capability could be seen as composedof five “building b

Under 2014 har det skett ett antal stora förändringar inom EU. Vissa är av mergenerell betydelse, såsom en ny sammansättning i Europaparlamentet ellertillsättningen av nya kommissionärer, medan andra reformer är av mer strukturellkaraktär i syfte att stärka EU:s ställning inom olika politikområden, däriblandEU:s strukturer för civil krishantering. Syftet med denna studie är dels attbeskriva dessa

Att tala om energipolitik är ingen helt enkel uppgift. Beroende på vilkadimensioner av energifrågan som sätts i fokus kan diskussionerna handla omsåväl tillväxtpolitik, miljömål, tekniska innovationer – och säkerhet. För attnärma sig begreppet energisäkerhet krävs en förståelse av å ena sidanenergisystemet, vad det är som ska säkras, och å andra sidan säkerhetspolitik,vilka strategier som fungerar

The impacts of climate change will not be evenly spread around the globe. Instead, several studies point to some specific regions that are argued to be particularly vulnerable or prone to climate change-related conflict (‘hotspots’) The overarching aim of this report is to describe these regions and to look at the underlying methodology used by those studies when identifying the regional ‘hotspots

The focal and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in ventral midbrain has made Parkinson's disease (PD) a particularly interesting target of cell-based therapies. However, ethical issues and limited tissue availability have so far hindered the widespread use of human fetal tissue in cell-replacement therapy. DA neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer unpre

Almost all species face some degree of predation risk, and, hence, evolution has produced a plethora of anti-predator defences. However, anti-predator strategies require resources, and the prevailing risk of becoming prey is influenced by many factors and rarely constant across time and space. Evolution has therefore favoured the development of phenotypic plasticity in anti-predator defences. The Almost all species face some degree of predation risk, and, hence, evolution has produced a plethora of anti-predator defences. However, anti-predator strategies require resources, and the prevailing risk of becoming prey is influenced by many factors and rarely constant across time and space. Evolution has therefore favoured the development of phenotypic plasticity in anti-predator defences. The

Background: Understanding the factors influencing movement is essential to forecasting species persistence in a changing environment. Movement is often studied using mechanistic models, extrapolating short-term observations of individuals to longer-term predictions, but the role of weather variables such as air temperature and solar radiation, key determinants of ectotherm activity, are generally

This Data in Brief article describes data on the movement behaviour of four species of grassland butterflies collected over three years and at four sites in southern England. The datasets consist of the movement tracks of Maniola jurtina, Aricia agestis, Pyronia tithonus, and Melanargia galathea, recorded using standard methods and presented as steps distances and turning angles. Sites consisted o

Adaptation in new environments depends on the amount of genetic variation available for evolution, and the efficacy by which natural selection discriminates among this variation. However, whether some ecological factors reveal more genetic variation, or impose stronger selection pressures than others, is typically not known. Here, we apply the enzyme kinetic theory to show that rising global tempe

Diversified farming systems, for example those that incorporate agroforestry elements, have been proposed as a solution that could maintain and improve multiple ecosystem services. However, habitat diversification in and around arable fields has complex and inconsistent effects on invertebrate crop pests and their natural enemies. This hinders the development of policy recommendations to promote t

Brazil's Araucaria tree (Araucaria angustifolia) is an iconic living fossil and a defining element of the Atlantic Forest global biodiversity hotspot. But despite more than two millennia as a cultural icon in southern Brazil, Araucaria is on the brink of extinction, having lost 97% of its extent to 20th-century logging. Although logging is now illegal, 21st-century climate change constitutes a new

Gestalt psychology has traditionally ignored the role of attention in perception, leading to the view that autonomous processes create perceptual configurations that are then attended. More recent research, however, has shown that spatial attention influences a form of Gestalt perception: the coherence of random-dot kinematograms (RDKs). Using ERPs, we investigated whether temporal expectations ex