Background. A quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 virus-like-particle (VLP) vaccine has been shown to be 95%-100% effective in preventing cervical and genital disease related to HPV-6,-11,-16, and-18 in 16-26-year-old women naive for HPV vaccine types. Because most women in the general population are sexually active, some will have already been infected with >= 1 H

The legume goat's rue (Galega orientalis) and its microsymbiont Rhizobium galegae have an unusually strict host-bacteria specificity. The reason for this is not known. We have identified and analysed six genes in G. orientalis assumed to be involved in the recognition processes between legumes and rhizobia. The genes were isolated from a library made from nodulating roots. The genes were identifie

A search for squarks in R-parity violating supersymmetry is performed in e(+/-)p collisions at HERA using the H1 detector. The data were taken at a centre-of-mass energy of 319 GeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 64.3 pb(-1) for e (+) p collisions and 13.5 pb(-1) for e(-)p collisions. The resonant production of squarks via a Yukawa coupling lambda' is considered, taking into account

This paper considers the problem of stability of linear feedback systems with time-varying but bounded delays. Simple but powerful criteria of stability, as well as a simple performance bound, are presented for both continuous-time and discrete-time systems. Using these criteria, stability can be checked in a closed loop Bode plot. This makes it easy to design the system for robustness.

The first aim of this doctoral work has been to develop a new generation of computer programs for transient and steady-state heat conduction in two and three dimensions. A large range of heat transfer problems within the field of buildings physics can be analyzed using these tools. There are, however, many things to keep in mind when modelling a problem, such as how to choose the numerical mesh,

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has been used at many wastewater treatment plants all over the world for many years. In this study a full-scale sludge with good EBPR was tested with P-release batch tests and combined FISH/MAR (fluorescence in situ hybridisation and microautoradiography). Proposed models of PAOs and GAOs (polyphosphate- and glycogen-accumulating organisms) and microbi

The deleterious effects of inbreeding can be substantial in wild populations and mechanisms to avoid such matings have evolved in many organisms. In situations where social mate choice is restricted, extrapair paternity may be a strategy used by females to avoid inbreeding and increase offspring heterozygosity. In the cooperatively breeding Seychelles warbler, Acrocephalus sechellensis, neither so

The introduction of nasal glucocorticosteroids, more than 30 years ago, represents the most important therapeutic progress in rhinitis management since the introduction of the first generation of antihistamines. Our knowledge of the mode of action of glucocorticosteroids in the nose has improved as the airway mucous membrane of the nose is easily accessible for investigation. However, the exact me

Haemophilia is a rare and potentially life-threatening disease. In Sweden, with a population of approximately 8.5 million, about 350 people suffer from the more severe forms of haemophilia or von Willebrand disease. Meticulous management is important if the patients are to be spared chronic disability and serious treatment complications. The disease is lifelong and affects psychosocial aspects of

Protein S is an anticoagulant protein that circulates in plasma in complex with C4b-binding protein; (C4BP) or in free form. Deficiency of protein S increases the risk of venous thrombosis. Measurement of free protein S, as compared to total levels, has been shown to be superior for prediction of protein S deficiency. We studied the effects of different handling protocols for an immuno- and a liga

In this book, Stephen Hetherington attacks what he thinks are two "dogmas" of epistemology. One he calls "epistemic absolutism" which amounts to the claim that knowledge is absolute: you can be with or without it, but once you have it, it is not possible to have more or less. The other is "justificationalism" which is the view that some sort of (internalist of externalist) justification is necessa

Species previously assigned to the Xanthoria ulophyllodes group are separated from Xanthoria based on presence of simple rhizines, long bacilliform spermatia, strongly glutinised cell walls and sphaerical lumina in paraplectenchymatous tissue of upper cortex and thalline margin, unoriented prosoplectenchymatous tissue in the exciple, and predominance of a secondary metabolite syndrome with high pr

Theoretical advances and short-term experimental studies have furthered our understanding of how ecosystems respond to perturbation. However, there are few well-replicated experimental studies that allow an assessment of long-term responses. Results from a controlled, large-scale field experiment in a subalpine grassland near Interlaken, Switzerland, show that 2-4 years of liming (Ca: 40 g center

Effective communication is of crucial importance for the development of effective social organisations. Deficient communication combined with rapid technological and social changes appears to lead to both ecological and psychological imbalance. An increasing number of environmental groups are working for ecological improvements, but young people seem to find it increasingly difficult to master the