Acquired mutations in TP53 as well as immunohistochemically detectable protein expression have been implicated as prognostic factors for breast cancer. We have evaluated the relationship between mutations detected in 119 breast tumours and various clinicohistopathological indices, stratifying the mutations according to the functional domains as defined by the recent elucidation of the crystal stru

Transcript variants of the estrogen receptor (ER) were investigated in 109 primary breast tumors using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and primers allowing analysis of each internal exon. A high incidence of different ER variants was observed, each individual tumor often manifesting multiple variants coexisting with corresponding wildtype (wt) ER. These variants, by sequen

The best current model of breast cancer evolution suggests that most cancers arise from certain premalignant lesions. We have identified a common (34%) somatic mutation in the estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha gene in a series of 59 typical hyperplasias, a type of early premalignant breast lesion. The mutation, which affects the border of the hinge and hormone binding domains of ER-alpha, showed increa

In this paper, I give a short description of a language change that can be viewedas an instance of grammaticalization, namely the transition of the two adjectivesmycken/t and liten/t into quantifiers. Data from the corpus of Swedish drama dialogue reveal that liten/t became a quantifier as early as the 1700s, whereas mycken/t seems to have gone through the same change roughly 150 years later. Inhe

This work illustrates the impact of atmospheric gases on the surface of epitaxial graphene. The different rate of adsorption on different parts of graphene samples provides a concrete evidence that the surface morphology of graphene plays a significant role in this process. The uneven adsorption occurs only on the surface of the monolayer graphene and not on bilayer graphene. The second monolayer

The accumulation of Cr(VI)will cause mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on humans. Therefore, the standard regulations have been governed by the EPA to control the chromium content in the effluent and drinking water and have made it mandatory [1]. For the better recovery of the adsorbent; Magnetic nano particle based phosphorene titanium nano tubes were used for the first time in action which has

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a product of catalytic dehydration of C6 sugars, is a versatile and key renewable platform chemical. The possibility to use a high substrate concentration with high yield in a single-solvent system is one of the solutions to reduce solvent usage, energy consumption, reaction volume, and operating cost. A heterogeneous catalyst and single-solvent system were employed

Phase modulation and phase cycling schemes have been commonly used in electronic two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy where the observables are incoherent signals such as fluorescence or photocurrent. Although the methods have distinct advantages compared to the coherent signal-detected 2D spectroscopy in sensitivity, possibility to measure spectra from isolated quantum systems and direct visualizati

Although significant improvements have been achieved for organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), the top-performing devices still show power conversion efficiencies far behind those of commercialized solar cells. One of the main reasons is the large driving force required for separating electron-hole pairs. Here, we demonstrate an efficiency of 14.7% in the single-junction OPV by using a new polymer do

The Øresund Basin in the transnational area between Sweden and Denmark forms a marginal part of the Danish Basin. The structural outline and stratigraphy of the Mesozoic succession is described, and a novel interpretation and description of the subsurface geology and geothermal potential in the North Sjælland Half-graben is presented. The subsurface bedrock in the basin includes several Mesozoic i

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of RNAs that is under increasing scrutiny, although their functional roles are debated. We analyzed RNA-seq data of 348 primary breast cancers and developed a method to identify circRNAs that does not rely on unmapped reads or known splice junctions. We identified 95,843 circRNAs, of which 20,441 were found recurrently. Of the circRNAs that match exon boundarie

Increased knowledge on familial melanoma and the underlying genetics Approximately 5-10 % of all melanoma patients have close relatives with melanoma. 5-20% of melanoma families have germline mutations in the CDKN2A gene. Swedish CDKN2A mutation carriers have a young median age of onset of melanoma, increased risks of multiple primary melanoma and of tobacco-associated cancers in respiratory and u