In clinical practice it may be difficult to evaluate the cause of acute dysphonia and aphonia. With the aim of elucidating the aetiology, diagnosis and management of patients with acute voice disorder, we have studied different populations with acute laryngitis and psychogenic voice disorder (PVD). The results indicate that bacterial infection is common only in patients with acute laryngitis (65%)

Invited discussion of G. Sher, Who Knew?: Responsibility Without Awareness

Background:After lung transplantation, life-long treatment with immunosuppressive medication is required to prevent rejection and graft loss but adherence to immunosuppressive treatment may be difficult for the lung recipient. Adherence is essential and non-adherence to immunosuppressive treatment can lead to graft loss and death.Objective:The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate t

Objective: What and when should we tell sibling donors about the donation process? Although we provide extensive information to sibling stem cell donors, we lack knowledge of their perceptions and how they change during the donation process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore sibling donors’ perceptions of experiences of stem cell donation from pre-donation to one year afterwards.Meth

This chapter explores the themes of sin and punishment through the lens of a theodicy that the authors and redactors of Isaiah offer to justifyYHWH’s actions and to instruct the Israelites to stay loyal to him. The three parts of Isaiah agree that the exile wasYH­WH’s punishment for the Israelites’ rebellion demonstrated through social injustice and idolatry. However, because of the different hist

Purpose: The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signalling pathway is often dysregulated in cancer and PDGF-receptor expression has been linked to unfavourable prognostic factors in breast cancer (e.g. ER negativity, high Ki67 and high grade). This study aimed to evaluate the expression of PDGFRα, PDGFRβ and ligand PDGF-CC in breast cancer in relation to molecular subtypes and prognosis. Method

Otitis media is a common disease in childhood. In adults, the disease is relatively rare, but more frequently associated with complications. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are age-related differences in pathogen exposure, anatomy of the Eustachian tube and immune system. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between age and the mucosal immune system in the middle ear.

Hypothesis: A number of bone-related genes may be responsible for the unique suppression of perilabyrinthine bone remodeling. Background: Bone remodeling is highly inhibited around the inner ear space most likely because of osteoprotegerin (OPG), which is a well-known potent inhibitor of osteoclast formation and function. However, other signaling molecules may also be responsible for the inhibitio

Conclusion: The endolymphatic sac is part of the membranous inner ear and is thought to play a role in the fluid homeostasis and immune defense of the inner ear; however, the exact function of the endolymphatic sac is not fully known. Many of the detected mRNAs in this study suggest that the endolymphatic sac has multiple and diverse functions in the inner ear. Objectives:The objective of this stu

Coroplastic studies refer to the study of terracotta figurines mostly through an art history ap-proach, where types and classes are defined through stylistic and aesthetic considerations. Such an approach is highly subjective and is based on the knowledge of the researcher interacting with the subject material. Moreover, the lack of agreed upon criteria for classification and the lack of quantitat

Titta upp nattetid. Du ser stjärnor och stjärnbilder, månen och kanske några planeter. Men det finns mycket mer därute. Vårt universum är enormt och vi behöver stora teleskop, både markbaserade och rymdbaserade, för att observera det. Teleskop kan visa oss avlägsna galaxer, nebulosor och det ljus som våra ögon inte kan registrera. Med deras hjälp upptäcker vi hur nya stjärnor bildas, utvecklas ochLook up at night. You will see stars and constellations, the Moon and maybe even a few planets. But there is more out there.Our Universe is huge and we need large telescopes, both ground based and space based, to observe it. Telescopes can show us distant galaxies, nebulae and the light that our eyes can not register. With their help we discover how stars are born, how they evolve and explode. Wit

The newly described immunoglobulin G-binding streptococcal surface protein, protein G, was used to prepare and characterize rabbit antibodies. The antibodies were directed against rat hormone-sensitive lipase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the hydrolysis of the triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue. Antiserum was obtained after two injections with 20 micrograms enzyme protein, and the immunoglob