Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial movement disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have nominated over fifteen distinct loci associated with risk of PD, however the biological mechanisms by which these loci influence disease risk are mostly unknown. GWAS are only the first step in the identification of disease genes: the specific c

Many animals use the spectral distribution of light to guide behaviour, but whether they have colour vision has been debated for over a century. Our strong subjective experience of colour and the fact that human vision is the paradigm for colour science inevitably raises the question of how we compare with other species. This article outlines four grades of 'colour vision' that can be related to t

A selection of the latest and most frequently used parton distribution functions (PDFs) is incorporated in Pythia8, including the Monte Carlo-adapted PDFs from the MSTW and CTEQ collaborations. This article examines the differences in PDFs as well as the effect they have on results of simulations and compare with data collected by the CDF experiment. Monte Carlo-adapted PDFs do a better job than l

Försäkringskassan är en central del av den svenska välfärdsstaten och för¬medlar mycket stora penningsummor. De förändringar som myndigheten har genomfört under senare tid i form av ny organisation och ändrade besl¬utsregler har varit omdiskuterade. Kritiker har pekat på bristande effektivi¬tet, försenade utbetalningar och hjärtlös regeltillämpning. Ett antal vägval har gjorts för att söka hitta lThe Swedish Social Insurance Agency is an important part of the Swedish welfare state. The Agency has recently made a number of major changes, such as establishing a new internal organization and reforming processes for decision making. Many of these changes have been controversial. Critics have complained that the Agency shows a lack of efficiency, has failed to make payments on time, and has bee

Longitudinal field (LF = 110 G) muon spin relaxation (mu SR) has been used to investigate the pressure dependence (P < 4.5 kbar) of paramagnetic spin fluctuations in the spin glass alloy Y(Mn0.95Al0.05)(2) via observation of the mu(+) spin depolarization. External mechanical force is seen to counteract the Al-induced chemical pressure, fully delocalizing the Mn moment and altering the nature of th

Introduction: Observational studies have shown that glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) is related to mortality, but the shape of the association is less clear. Furthermore, disease duration and medication may modify this association. This observational study explored the association between HbA(1c) measured in stored erythrocytes and mortality. Secondly, it was assessed whether disease duration and me

Objective The first 3 months after symptom onset represent an important therapeutic window for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study investigates the extent and causes of delay in assessment of patients with RA in eight European countries. Method Data on the following levels of delay were collected from 10 centres (Berlin, Birmingham, Heraklion, Lund, Prague, Stockholm, Umea, Vienna, Warsaw and Zu

Manganese superoxide dismutases (MnSODs) are enzymes that convert two molecules of the poisonous superoxide radical into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. During the reaction, the manganese ion cycles between the Mn(2+) and Mn(3+) oxidation states and accomplishes its enzymatic action in two half-cycles (corresponding to the oxidation and reduction of O(2)(*-)). Despite many experimental and

Abstract in Undetermined Epprobate lanserades officiellt onsdagen, den 21 mars 2012 i Bryssel. Vill du vara bland de första att ta del av epprobate vänligen registrera dig via email.

Decentralisation is considered a potentially effective strategy for participatory development and delivery of assistance, particularly in the context of rural development. It contributes to reduction of inequality and poverty and, thus, promotes local democracy. India and Indonesia have considerable social and economic inequality and poverty. Though both countries have opted for devolving power to

Recension av Murray Pomerances Alfred Hitchcock’s America.

We have studied nuclear structure and reaction properties of even-even oxygen isotopes (O12-28), from proton drip line to neutron drip line. We have used relativistic mean field model to calculate 2-n separation energy, rms matter radii, rms charge radii, neutron skin effect and the total reaction cross section with oxygen isotopes as a projectile and C-12 as a target at high energies using the Gl

We investigate how light samples disordered porous materials such as ceramics and pharmaceutical materials. By combining photon time-of-flight spectroscopy and sensitive laser-based gas sensing, we obtain information on the extent to which light interacts with solid and pore volumes, respectively. Comparison with mercury intrusion porosimetry shows that light predominantly interacts with the solid

Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is a non-invasive, solid state, radio frequency (RF) technique, able to distinguish between polymorphic forms of certain compounds. Exploiting the signals from multiple polymorphs is important in explosives detection, whilst quantifying these polymorphs is important in pharmaceutical applications. Recently proposed hybrid algorithms, able to process the signals f

Mystacocarids are dioecious. Their gonopores are on the medial side of the third thoracic limb. The male's paired testes lie in the thorax and abdomen. They develop from paired rows of six small follicles dorsally. In the mature animal they fill most of the abdomen. The spermatophores develop within the follicles from spermatogonia mixed with follicle cells, which support and nourish the spermatoc