While the definition of extended conceptions of democracy has been widely discussed, the measurement of these constructs has not attracted similar attention. In this article we present new measures of polyarchy, liberal democracy, deliberative democracy, egalitarian democracy, and participatory democracy that cover most polities in the period 1900 to 2013. These indices are based on data from a la

Kisel är ett vanligt förekommande grundämne som gärna bildar en oxid, nämligen kiseldioxid. Kiseldioxid träffar man i hög utsträckning på i det dagliga livet. Det är nämligen huvudbeståndsdelen i sand, glasvaror, kvarts, många keramiska material men också i den färgskiftande ädelstenen opal. Det finns också flera grupper av porösa kiseldioxidmaterial, till exempel så kallade zeoliter som har myckeThe formation process of porous silica materials is an intricate process, involving a number of components that interact to form a highly organized material. Both zeolites and mesoporous silica materials typically require the presence of organic structure director agents (SDAs) around which the silica network polymerizes. For zeolites the SDAs are molecular and for mesoporous silica the SDAs assem

Some general thoughts on the responsibility of archaeologists when dealing with the past - issues like "debts" to society, search of identities and others.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Trådlösa system som använder elektromagnetisk strålning, även kallat radio kort och gott, har fått ett enormt genomslag i våra liv. Radio används överallt: telefoni, GPS, mobilt bredband och TV är tillämpningar som vi som privatpersoner lätt kommer i kontakt med men även till radar, magnetisk resonanstomografi och andra avbildande system. Speciellt datakommunikation i mThis thesis investigates the opportunity of wireless multi-gigabit per second communication at the millimeter-wave (mmW) frequencies around 60 GHz by using impulse radio and nanoelectronics. Today most wireless communication take place in the microwave region, where several different systems and applications are crowding the narrow-band channels. Complicated schemes are applied in order to avoid i

My dissertation studies the frequently mentioned but never fully explored affinities between the writings of Juan Carlos Onetti and Juan José Saer. From the very beginning of their writing careers, both authors relate writing and narrating to an elusive search for meaning—in life and stories. Consequently, the scene of storytelling is of the utmost importance; how, when, by and to whom, and indeed

This study is an initial attempt to describe the established French loanwords in the lingua franca Sango, which is the main language spoken in the Central African Republic (CAR). It is a second language for the majority of the population of 3 million people for whom a great number of vernaculars serve as first languages. French loanwords in Sango are prompted by the contact between Sango and Frenc

We present a fast algorithm for the subset convolution problem:given functions f and g defined on the lattice of subsets of ann-element set n, compute their subset convolution f*g, defined for S⊆ N by [ (f * g)(S) = [T ⊆ S] f(T) g(S/T),,]where addition and multiplication is carried out in an arbitrary ring. Via Möbius transform and inversion, our algorithm evaluates the subset convolution in O(n2

This paper treats the problem of calculating the macroscopic effective properties of dielectric mixtures where both the inclusions and the background medium can be anisotropic. For this homogenization process, the Maxwell Garnett -type approach is used where the inclusions are assumed to be spherical and embedded in a homogeneous background medium. The anisotropy of the background medium has to be