En ml vatten från havsvatten innehåller ungefär 1 miljon bakterier och 10 miljoner virus. Prover från Östersjön har undersökts genom dataanalys för att studera dynamiken mellan bakteriers adaptiva immunförsvar – CRISPR - och virus.Bacteria play a major role in biogeochemical cycles in the ocean. Bacteriophages are estimated to cause the deaths of more than a fifth of all marine bacteria every day and the dynamic between bacteria and virus therefore have huge ecological impact. CRISPR-Cas systems work as an adaptive immune system for bacteria that protect them against viruses. Spacers acquired from viral sequences can make t

Det klimatpolitiska ramverket – En genomgång av klimatpolitikens senaste hopp Den mänskliga påverkan på klimatet och de antropogena utsläppen av växthusgaser ökar i stadig takt, vilket förändrar klimatsystemen och resulterar i förhöjda temperaturer, minskning av glaciärer samt höjda havsnivåer. Klimatproblematiken grundas i det faktum att det inte är nationsbundet, utan globalt, något som har letIn line with the Paris Agreement and the aim of keeping the globally averaged surface temperature at a maximum increase of 2°C, Sweden implemented the Swedish Climate Policy Framework. It consists of three pillars; new climate goals, a climate act and an independent climate policy council. The framework is the first of its kind in Sweden and provides long-term goals and an obligation to continuous

Spatial transcriptomics is a recently developed method for analyzing the transcriptome while conserving the spatial information. Albeit not with single resolution as of now, it has a big potential for application in tissues in which the exact spatial information of gene expression is crucial. One of those cases are brain transplants aimed for replacing lost cell populations, e.g. in stroke or neur

The high sex ratio at birth and its gradual increase are one of the most significant demographic changes in China in the past 30 years. The sex ratio at birth first increased until 1994 and then stayed fluctuating before it decreased from 2000 on. Regarding the issue of whether or not China's current family planning policy affects and to what extent it affects the sex ratio at birth, starts wi

Partikelkolliderare är stora maskiner som accelererar partiklar till höga energier, för att sedan låta dem kollidera. Därvid bildas ett stort antal produkter, som kan spåras i detektorer. De processer som inträffar under och efter kollisionerna beskrivs huvudsakligen av standardmodellen, en teori som klassificerar de fundamentala partiklarna och växelverkningarna mellan dessa. Även om standardmodeIn this thesis, the space--time picture of the hadronization model has been implemented in the event generator Pythia. From this implementation, the hadronic behaviour has been studied for different scenarios, in order to begin addressing the unexpected collective behaviour of high-multiplicity pp events, which is typical for heavy-ion collisions. First, the temporal and radial evolution of pp and

This study analyzes hedging maturity structure and examines the relation between the maturity structure of corporate hedging and debt characteristics. The purpose of the study is to provide new insights in what determines the hedging maturity and discover new aspects of companies hedging positions, which still is an unexplored area of modern risk management theory. The objective of the paper is to

Quantification of CO2 emissions for case 1 - ISLK and case 2 - Föraren arrived at 42 and 125 CO2 per A_temp and with suggested changes it was possible to reduce to 38 and 109 CO2 per A_temp. The review of the possibility of lowering emissions in the manufacturing of concrete showed that the addition of fly ash reduced CO2 emissions by 10% per 10% of cement exchanged for fly ash. As well as demonst

Användandet av nya strategier för immobilisering av enzymer (proteiner) möjliggör för stora framsteg inom neutron forskning. Genom noggranna tester upprättades väl valda villkor för användandet av enzymer, med ambitionen att effektivisera framställning av så kallade ”tunga molekyler”. Något som i sin tur är värdefullt för att förstå hur celler är strukturerade samt signalerar och interagerar med vThis thesis covers established procedures for the successful and attempted immobilization of lipases and phospholipases to various hydrophobic support materials, utilizing a rotating bed reactor, magnetic stirrer and tube-rotator. The design of a robust platform was established with great instrumental knowledge and proper conditioning for the creation of efficient immobilizations and activity assa

In this project, an electromagnetic side-channel attack has been made by exploiting the information leakage from a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and an implemented advanced encryption standard with a 256-bit key (AES-256). The FPGA-board was a Nexys-4 from Digilent with Artix-7 FPGA. The attack was partially successful. A few subkeys were successfully extracted from AES-256 with only 2000-3

Millimeter-wave radar imaging has potential uses in applications such as material analysis and medical in-vivo scanning of tissue. This thesis is about measuring objects using a millimeter wave radar, implement radar imaging algorithms and evaluate the resulting images. The measured objects are plates and rods made of metal and a rod made of acrylic glass (PMMA). The objects are measured using the

För att skapa ett miljövänligt plastmaterial blandades bioplast in i traditionell oljebaserad plast. Detta nya material erbjuder intressanta materialegenskaper och är ett grönare alternativ till plast helt baserad på fossila tillgångar.Due to increasing awareness and consumer demands it has become important for companies to develop an economical and environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. The transition from fossil material to bio based is important for the future of people and planet, still, how the transformation should be implemented is yet unknown. In this report, the possibilities of

Many studies on how to encourage pro-environmental behaviour have been done. However, they have tended to focus on individual behaviour in isolation of social interactions despite increasing scepticism about the effectiveness of this approach in promoting the necessary transition toward a more sustainable society. Such a transition constitutes a central part of the transformational mode of sustain

Kenya is one of the world’s nations with the most severe problem of education inequality. Low-cost private schools (LCPS) have therefore become the main access to education for most families at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP), notably in remote and slum areas. In Homa Bay, one of the remote regions in Kenya, over 50 percent of its poor families’ children are attending these LCPS. However, due to s

När läkemedel produceras bildas även en massa biprodukter. Dessa biprodukterna kan många gånger vara mycket skadligare än vad själva läkemedlet gör nytta. Därför renar man upp läkemedel med en process som heter kromatografi. Kromatografi är som ett rör som är fyllt med något typ av sand eller sten. För att sedan rena upp sitt läkemedel låter man sin blandning med produkt och biprodukt åka genom koChromatography was first described in the 1903 by a Russian scientist. Later on chromatography was almost forgotten until the 1940s when two British scientist published a study about liquid chromatography. They were later awarded with the Nobel prize in chemistry for their work in chromatography. Chromatography has since then developed a lot and nowadays several different kinds of liquid chromatog

Problem - Although experiential and social learning theory have contributed to our understanding of the entrepreneurial learning process, a major limitation is the focus on learning of the individual entrepreneur. As most start-ups work in teams, understanding the organizational learning process is important. Aim - The purpose of this study is to discover how start-ups learn by participating in an

Förnyelsebara bränslen vinner allt större mark inom energisektorn och biomassa är ett av de mer lättillgängliga alternativen. Eftersom det rör sig om fasta bränslen kan det dock vara svårt att hantera. För att göra det mer lätthanterligt kan man utvinna energin i form av gas som man sedan förbränner. Men vad innehåller gasen? Och hur tar vi reda på det? Först och främst måste vi reda ut begreppetThis thesis examines the emissions formed during pyrolysis and gasification of lignocellulosic biomass in pellet form, using vibrational Raman spectroscopy. Seven different samples are studied during the pyrolysis process and six of these are also studied during gasification. For pyrolysis, the sample is placed into the center of a cruciform aluminum pipe, flushed with Ar, at room temperature. The

Examensarbetets titel: Revisorns oberoende i en föränderlig bransch Seminariedatum: 180531 Ämne/kurs: FEKH69, Examensarbete i redovisning på kandidatnivå, 15 högskolepoäng Författare: Andersen Toledo, Christofer., Elfving, Alexander & Hall, Fredrik Handledare: Jonnergård, Karin Fem nyckelord: Revisorns oberoende, disciplinärenden, sociala normer, legala normer, reglering Syfte: Uppsatsens syft

The ongoing grid paradigm shift has resulted in synchronous generators currently being phased out. As the generators have been providing ancillary services, such as frequency control regulation, this means that new technologies to perform ancillary services need to be developed and evaluated. Electric vehicles (EVs) is an energy source that today is being underutilized. Therefore, research has bee

Visst vore det bra om färre kvinnor dör som följd av komplikationer vid förlossning, eller att ett nytt läkemedel mot depression kommer ut på marknaden? Med mer insikt om ett biologiskt läkemedels fysikaliska stabilitet kan detta bli verklighet. I detta mastersarbete har det biologiska läkemedlet carbetocin studerats med avseende på just detta. Vanliga läkemedel som vi är vana vid att ta i tabletCarbetocin is an uncharged cyclic therapeutic peptide with a tendency to aggregate in solution. Aggregation is undesirable since it, for example, can lead to loss of pharmaceutical effects. To gain a better understanding of peptide aggregation, along with a potential to develop better drug formulations, aggregation of carbetocin was studied. In focus were soluble aggregates in contrast to phase-se

Loudspeakers are used in many different applications and play a vital role in various types of entertainment and communication. To optimize the listening experience, there is a need for an adjustment process to compensate for any effects the environment might have on the loudspeaker’s performance. This thesis presents an adaptive method that utilizes an arbitrary amount of loudspeakers and microph