Over the past 300 years, the migraine field has been dominated by two main theories-the vascular theory and the central neuronal theory. The success of vasoconstrictors such as ergotamine and the triptans in treating acute migraine bolstered the vascular theory, but evidence is now emerging that vasodilatation is neither necessary nor sufficient to induce a migraine attack. Attention is now turnin

Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) by vildagliptin prevents degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and reduces glycemia in type 2 diabetes, with low risk for hypoglycemia and no weight gain. Vildagliptin binds covalently to the catalytic site of DPP-4, eliciting prolonged enzyme inhibition. This raises intact GLP-1 levels, both after meal ingestion and in the fasting state. Vilda

Bone metastases are common among patients with stage IV genitourinary cancers Most patients with bone metastases develop at least one debilitating and potentially life-limiting skeletal-related event These events are associated with increased medical expenses and decreased quality of life Current guidelines recommend screening for bone metastases in men with high-risk prostate cancer but guidance

Abstract Toxic microbial secondary metabolites have been proposed to be related to adverse health effects observed in moisture-damaged buildings. Initial steps in assessing the actual risk include the characterization of the exposure. In our study, we applied a multi-analyte tandem mass spectrometry-based methodology on sample materials of severely moisture-damaged homes, aiming to qualitatively a

In this study, the ambivalent behavior of Ge intercalation is studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy as well as local 4-point probe transport measurements. In quantitative agreement with angle-resolved photoemission experiments, both p-and n-type doped graphene areas and their doping level were identified by local spectroscopy. The p-doped areas appear higher by 2 angst

To compare the changes in microvascular blood flow in the small intestinal wall, wound contraction and fluid evacuation, using the established V.A.C. abdominal dressing (VAC dressing) and a new abdominal dressing, the ABThera open abdomen negative pressure therapy system (ABThera dressing), in negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Midline incisions were made in 12 pigs, which were subjected to t

We report a new set oftheoretical transition probabilities in Y II, obtained using a multiconfiguration relativistic Hartree-Fock method including core polarization. The overall quality of the calculations is assessed by comparisons with new and previous lifetime measurements. In this paper, we report new measurements of five lifetimes in the 4d5p and 5s5p configurations, in the energy range of 32

The formation of an odour trail can be broken down into a chain of events: first, the emission of the attractant from the bait, second, a turbulent mixing into the immediate surroundings and third, a downstream advection and dispersion of the attractant by the current flowing past the bait. In this work, a simple analysis of the physical processes governing the first two stages shows that the release

Whether the safest roundabout design for cyclists is to separate cycle crossings or integrate cyclists with motorists is an extensively discussed issue. Studies using accident statistics indicate that a separated cycle crossing is the safest for high motor vehicle volumes. However, the results have not been satisfyingly explained. This article combines quantitative and qualitative methods in traff

To fully exploit the ultimate source properties of the next-generation light sources, such as free-electron lasers (FELs) and diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSRs), the quality requirements for gratings and reflective synchrotron optics, especially mirrors, have significantly increased. These coherence-preserving optical components for high-brightness sources will feature nanoscopic shape accu

The surface and electronic structure of single crystal thin films of PtLuSb (001) grown by molecular beam epitaxy were studied. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), photoemission spectroscopy, and temperature dependent Hall measurements of PtLuSb thin films are consistent with a zero-gap semiconductor or semi-metal. STS and photoemission measurements show a decrease in density of states approach

Background. Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and juvenile mania in adolescence index risk for severe psychopathology in adulthood. The importance of childhood problems with communication, reading, speech and mathematics for the development of PLEs and juvenile mania is not well understood. Method. Through the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, we identified 5812 children. The parents were

The Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project investigates physical and chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere using a Lufthansa Airbus long-distance passenger aircraft. After the beginning of the explosive eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano on Iceland on 14 April 2010, the first CARIBIC volcano-specific measuremen

This study explores the worldwide spatial evolution of scientific knowledge production in biotechnology in the period 1986-2008. We employ new methodology that identifies new key topics in biotech on the basis of frequent use of title worlds in major biotech journals as an indication of new cognitive developments within this scientific field. Our analyses show that biotech is subject to a path- an

The differential production cross section of electrons from semileptonic heavy-flavor hadron decays has been measured at midrapidity (\y\ < 0.5) in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV with ALICE at the LHC. Electrons were measured in the transverse momentum range 0.5 < p(t) < 8 GeV/c. Predictions from a fixed-order perturbative QCD calculation with next-to-leading-log resummation agree with

Early prediction of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) substantially improves treatment of patients. A large amount of biomarkers have been studied with this objective. The aim of this work was to study predictive biomarkers using preset cut-off levels in an unselected population of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).

The paper is devoted to modeling and optimization of reliable wireless mesh networks that employ directional antennas. We introduce two mixed-integer programming formulations that allow to simultaneously characterize routing patterns and transmission schedules. The first model allows for maximizing the minimal flow in a network. The second model involves reliability constraints and aims at minimiz

Abstract is not available

Hereditary C2 deficiency (C2D) is an important susceptibility factor for invasive infections caused by encapsulated bacteria such as pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae type b. The infections are mostly seen in childhood indicating that antibody-mediated acquired immunity is affected. C2D persons and healthy controls were vaccinated with ActHIB® and Pneumo23®. Analysis of specific antibodies to

M1 serotype of Streptococcus pyogenes plays an important role in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Simvastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has been shown to inhibit streptococcal M1 protein-induced acute lung damage although downstream mechanisms remain elusive. Protein isoprenylation, such as farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, has been suggested to regulate anti-inflammatory effects exe