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In both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), combinations of environmental and genetic factors are likely to increase the vulnerability to acquire disease. This study was undertaken to investigate any possible comorbidity of COPD and MS, thus indicating common inflammatory vulnerability. Individuals with a diagnosis of COPD (including chronic bronchitis and emp

Islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes results in the loss of the pancreatic β-cells. The consequences of insulin deficiency in the portal vein for liver fat are poorly understood. Under normal conditions, the portal vein provides 75% of the liver blood supply. Recent studies suggest that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be more common in type 1 diabetes than previously thought, and ma

Context: Both leukocyte telomere length and IGF-I are associated with the aging process. A previous in vitro study suggested that IGF-I may modulate telomerase activity in white blood cells, but little is known whether these two systems interact in vivo. Patients and Methods: Leukocyte telomere length was determined using a quantitative PCR assay in 2744 elderly men (mean age 75.5 yr, range 69-81

Rationale:The innate immune system and in particular the pattern-recognition receptors Toll-like receptors have recently been linked to atherosclerosis. Consequently, inhibition of various signaling molecules downstream of the Toll-like receptors has been tested as a strategy to prevent progression of atherosclerosis. Receptor-interacting protein 2 (Rip2) is a serine/threonine kinase that is invol

Granins are major constituents of dense-core secretory granules in neuroendocrine cells, but their function is still a matter of debate. Work in cell lines has suggested that the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed granins, chromogranin A and B (CgA and CgB), are involved in granulogenesis and protein sorting. Here we report the generation and characterization of mice lacking chromogranin B (

Fermentation of dietary fibers by colonic microbiota generates short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), e.g., propionic acid and butyric acid, which have been described to have "anti-obesity properties" by ameliorating fasting glycaemia, body weight and insulin tolerance in animal models. In the present study, we therefore investigate if propionic acid and butyric acid have effects on lipolysis, de novo l

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are rising concerns about the frequency of infection after arthroplasty surgery. Prophylactic antibiotics are an important part of the preventive measures. As their effect is related to the timing of administration, it is important to follow how the routines with preoperative prophylactic antibiotics are working. METHODS: In 114 consecutive cases treated at our own un

Aim: To determine whether or not an intrauterine transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) occurred from an infected mother to her premature infant delivered by caesarean section. Methods: The mother and her child were tested for HAV by serology and reverse transcription PCR. Results: An outbreak of HAV infection was seen among children and a 33-year-old day-care teacher, pregnant in third trimester

In the aircraft industry maximizing availability is essential. Maintenance schedules must therefore be opportunistic, incorporating preventive maintenance activities within the scheduled as well as the unplanned ones. At the same time, the maintenance contractor should utilize opportunistic maintenance to enable the minimization of the total expected cost to have a functional aircraft engine and t

Abstract in FrenchDecay-prediction models can be used to predict the service life of wooden components. However, knowledge of how the material climate, i.e. moisture content and material temperature, varies with time is required. A reliable material climate prediction model is therefore crucial in situations when measurements are not viable. The aim of this paper is to develop and assess the perfo

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the association between nurses' characteristics (educational level, country, work title, gender, type of work, age, and length of working experience) and their assessments of individualized care. Design: A cross-sectional comparative survey using questionnaires was employed to sample nurses from seven countries. Methods: Data were collected from ort

Stress-related disorders are a frequent cause for sick leave, with consequences such as great distress and adverse economic effects for the affected person and substantial costs for society. Identifying effective interventions that facilitate return to work is thus important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the 16-week Redesigning Daily Occupations program as a work reha

The aim was to assess whether temporal changes in the initial management for children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes over a ten year period affected metabolic control two years after diagnosis. A further aim was to investigate if social factors, registered at diagnosis, had an impact on metabolic control two years after diagnosis. During the years 1997-2006, 247 children and adolescents were diagn

It has been long recognised that dispersal is an important life-history trait that plays a key role in the demography and evolution of populations and species. This then suggests that dispersal play a central role in the response of populations and species to ever-increasing global change, including climate change, habitat loss and fragmentation, and biological invasions. During a symposium held a

The importance of the nurse's role in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes has long since been emphasized. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a structured organization of type 2 diabetes care, with a diabetes nurse working more independently of the general practitioner, has a significant impact on the patient's self-management and quality of care. The test consisted o