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This thesis deals with how computationally effective lattice models could be used for inference of data with a continuous spatial index. The fundamental idea is to approximate a Gaussian field with a Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) on a lattice. Using a bilinear interpolation at non-lattice locations we get a reasonable model also at non-lattice locations. We can thus exploit the computational
In order to define critical situations in which speed adaptation is unsatisfactory a number of traffic safety researchers from 20 countries were asked to rate the seriousness of various situations. The proportion of injury accidents in the different situations were also considered. Expert judgements, the high proportion of injury accidents and the increased accident risks compared to "normal" cond
Renovation of water and central heating pipelines is a very costly and time-consuming process, so a way to prioritize the limited resources between different parts of the systems is very important. The risk for corrosion damage can be assessed from the resistivity of the ground, due to the processes facilitating the metal oxidation also affecting the resistivity, but galvanic resistivity mapping i
Background and purpose — Studies describing time-related change in reasons for knee replacement revision have been limited to single regions or institutions, commonly analyze only 1st revisions, and may not reflect true caseloads or findings from other areas. We used revision procedure data from 3 arthroplasty registries to determine trends and differences in knee replacement revision diagnoses. P
The purpose of this thesis is to explore how marketing freelancers perceive personal branding and how they practice it. Both offline and online environments for practicing personal branding have been included. The aimed contribution is to broaden the understanding of personal branding by adding the perceptions that marketing freelancers have towards this topic. Additionally, the attempt is to prov
This study aims to investigate the ecological sustainability of different beverage packaging and compare this to consumers’ perception of the most environmentally friendly packaging type. A literature analysis was made to understand the advantages and disadvantages of different packaging as well as consumer behavior from other surveys in other studies. Lastly this study conducted and preformed its
Individers förhållningssätt och tillfredsställelse rörande sin sexualitet har visat sig hänga nära samman med upplevt mående och hälsa. Äldre kvinnors upplevelse av sin sexualitet är ett relativt outforskat område, speciellt i en svensk kontext. Mot bakgrund av detta var syftet med denna studie att skapa en fördjupad förståelse och kunskap kring 65-80 åriga kvinnors upplevelse av sexualitet och se
Trauma i barndomen har en betydande inverkan på livslång fysisk och mental hälsa samt utveckling. Tidiga interventioner stärker barnets motståndskraft och mildrar traumans långsiktiga effekter på välbefinnandet. En sådan intervention går ut på att utbilda viktiga vuxna i barnets omgivning för att skapa en gynnsam miljö. Traumamedveten omsorg (TMO) är en intervention som erbjuds som ett utbildnings
Our world is facing major challenges and the built environment plays a major role in both adapting to, and, challenging the current situation. As urbanization advances and densification takes place, more people reside in cities with an estimated 68% of the world’s population expected to live in urban areas by 2050. Urban areas confront mounting challenges due to population growth, resource constra
A road superstructure consists of different material layers with specific functions that together facilitate the fulfilment of requirements for safety, durability and service life. The design of superstructures is a process that aims to determine suitable and sufficient thicknesses of included material layers. This process takes place with help of dimensioning programs including ERAPAVE PP (Elasti
Syftet med vår studie har varit att fördjupa oss i hur musikterapi används av verksamma musikterapeuter och inom olika områden, för att undersöka vilka arbetsmetoder inom området som kan vara användbara för musiklärare främst inom anpassad grundskola. Våra forskningsfrågor har varit att undersöka vilka positiva effekter som musikterapeutiska har, hur verksamma musikterapeuter ser på användandet avThe purpose of this study has been to examine what methods within the subject that can be useful for music teachers working mainly in compulsory school for pupils with intellectual disabilities, as well as to deepen our knowledge of how music therapy is used by music therapists at work in different areas. Our question at issue has been to examine what positive effects music therapy has, what view
Aims and methods: This study examines the discourse surrounding honour-related violence and oppression, referred to as honour violence. A discourse analysis was conducted on material from the state and organisations working with HRVF, collaborating with midwives. Two in-depth interviews with midwives gathered firsthand experiences from professionals encountering potential victims of honour violenc
Athletes constantly report experiences of momentum during athletic contests, and they consider momentum as being an important factor for the outcome of a competition. However, researchers trying to capture momentum with quantitative methods see themselves confronted with inconclusive results. To explain this gap between athletes’ belief and results from quantitative data, it is hypothesised that m
In this study, the relation between fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality was investigated within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition. Survival analyses were performed, including 451,151 participants from 10 European countries, recruited between 1992 and 2000 and followed until 2010. Hazard ratios, rate advancement periods, and preventable proportions to respec
The variables measured in modern pulse oximetry apparatuses include a graphical pulse curve and a specified perfusion value (PV) that could be a sensitive marker for detecting differences in sympathetic activity. We hypothesized that there is a correlation between a reduction of PV and the time to eye opening after general anaesthesia. The objective was to investigate whether PV can predict eye op
