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In allergic disorders, the eosinophilic granulocytes migrate to affected tissues and release granule proteins with cytotoxic, immunoregulatory, and remodeling-promoting properties. Given that degranulation is reflected by a loss in eosinophil granule density of living cells, or by cell membrane rupture and release of intact granules, these morphological changes may represent a biomarker of the all
Several bacterial species express surface proteins with affinity for the Fc part of human IgG. This thesis describes evolutionary and functional studies of protein H, an IgGFc-binding surface protein of the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. By using peptide mapping and NMR analysis the IgGFc-binding region of protein G, a surface protein of group C and G streptococci, was identified. Various
In this thesis the role of major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) class II molecules in development of autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was studied. By combining an experimental model for RA, collagen type II induced arthritis (CIA), with molecular biology methods the importance of polymorphism in Mhc class II genes for disease development was investigated. The Mhc region con
In addition to complex I, the plant mitochondrial electron transport chain possesses several alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases, not present in animals. These enzymes allow nonenergy-conserving electron transfer from cytoplasmic and matrix NAD(P)H to ubiquinone. The mitochondrial inner membrane was permeabilised with a channel-forming antibiotic, alamethicin, and the activity of internal NADH deh
The present investigation focuses on the role of HS metabolism in cell proliferation. The effect of the HS priming ß-D-xyloside, 2-(6-hydroxynaphthyl)-O-ß-D-xylopyranoside (Xyl-2-Nap-6-OH) on the proliferation of normal and transformed cells was studied. Xyl-2-Nap-6-OH inhibited growth of transformed cells to a significantly greater extent than normal cells. The growth inhibition exerted by the xy
Cancer is the collective name for diseases that have one thing in common ? uncontrolled cell growth. The increase in cancer cell proliferation eventually results in tumor formation and, in the worst case, metastatic spread to other organs. Common treatment modalities of cancer include chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, these methods are associated with severe side effects as well as indu
By varying its secondary or tertiary structure a single protein can attain new biological functions. The amyloid forming proteins are the best known examples where a change in conformation leads to the formation of amyloid fibrils that accumulate in tissues and cause disease. a-lactalbumin in contrast, is an example of a protein that acquires a beneficial function when the conformation is altered
The thesis work was performed with the aim of increasing knowledge and understanding of the combustion of oxygenated fuels and intermediates. This was accomplished in two steps: experimental measurements of the laminar burning velocity to expand current databases and development of a reaction mechanism. In the first part of the project, the laminar burning velocity of oxygenated fuels and interme
My thesis shows that enchytraeids and naidids are sensitive to various forms of environmental stress, which in combination with the wide distribution of both families make them highly suitable for use in risk assessment and soil monitoring. Enchytraeids were subject to chemical stress under both laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory experiments enchytraeids reacted to chemical stress with
The aim of this thesis was to explore some of the important links between waterfowl and the biota in shallow eutrophic lakes in temperate areas. Waterfowl depend on macroinvertebrates as sources of protein and calcium, which are essential for egg production and growth. Macroinvertebrates in turn depend on submerged vegetation for food and shelter. Increased density of vegetation thus leads to incr
This thesis studies the efforts made by society to achieve more efficient energy use in order to better utilise resources and lessen the stress on the environment. Despite the value to society promised by more efficient energy use, too few attempts are made at realising this value. One instrument available to governments in their efforts to stimulate efficiency schemes, is to encourage energy comp
Among policy-makers in Europe the modal shift - a shift från polluting modes of freight transport to less polluting modes - has been a popular suggestion for reducing CO2-emissions of transportation. In particular, intermodal road-rail solutions, where a combination of road and rail transport is utilized to move trailers and containers, have been stressed as an important measure to reach de desire
The gastrointestinal tract of the foetus is considered sterile but during vaginal birth the neonate comes into contact with bacteria from the maternal vaginal and intestinal microbiota. The main focus of this doctoral thesis was to elucidate the initial bacterial ecosystem in newborns and to relate microbial perturbations to physiological traits. The bacterial flora was mainly studied with molecul
Proteins are complex structures and years of research have been spent on attempts to understand their complexity. The non-covalent interactions involved in protein folding are: hydrophobic effect, electrostatic interactions, van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding. It has been of great interest to address the importance of each of those interactions in proteins. While hydrophobic effect is
I takt med utbyggnaden av vindkraft har artskydd av fåglar blivit en ofta förekommande fråga i tillståndsprövningarna. I dessa förefaller 4 § artskyddsförordningen medföra tolknings- och tillämpningsproblem. Enligt dess ordalydelse ska bestämmelsen nämligen tillämpas på alla vilda fåglar, oavsett art, samt på vissa djurarter. Bestämmelsen föreskriver bland annat förbud mot att avsiktligt döda och In line with the expansion of wind power projects species protection of birds has become a frequent issue in permit procedures. In this context section 4 of the Species Protection Ordinance (2007:845) appears to result in difficulties when interpreted and applied. According to the provision, it should apply to all wild birds, regardless species, and some animal species. The provision stipulates, i
Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur staten och kommunernas skadeståndsansvar har utvecklats sedan skadeståndslagen infördes. Till undersökningen används framför allt lag, lagförarbeten, praxis och doktrin. Uppsatsen är uppdelad i tre delar där den första delen behandlar utvecklingen av skadeståndslagen, den andra delen undersöker hur Europakonventionen har påverkat skadeståndsrätten och den tredThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the liability of public bodies have developed since the introduction of the Tort Liability Act. The investigation is mostly built upon current and previous legislation, legislative history, court practice and legal literature. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part discusses the development of the Tort Liability Act, the second part
Det finns i svensk rätt inget samordnat skydd för den personliga integriteten, utan istället är det olika bestämmelser i brottsbalken som aktualiseras när det skett kränkningar av den personliga integriteten privatpersoner emellan. Ett exempel på en sådan kränkning är hämndporr, från engelskans ”revenge porn”, som innebär ett spridande av bild eller film med sexuellt innehåll på annan person utan
Den här uppsatsen studerar vilka upphandlingsrättsliga konsekvenser som kan uppkomma då kommuner samverkar genom kommunalförbund, samägda kommunala aktiebolag och samverkansavtal. Studier har visat att i princip alla kommuner bedriver någon form av interkommunal samverkan. När det sker ett utbyte av prestationer som har ekonomiskt värde mellan kommuner eller mellan en kommun och ett kommunalförbu
