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Inspirationen till förevarande arbete kommer från de EU-rättsliga organens ambivalens kring det förestående direktivförslaget, ”Förslag till Europaparlamentets och rådets direktiv om upphovsrätt på den digitala inre marknaden” som röstades igenom i EU-parlamentet i september 2018. Direktivförslaget innehåller en artikel som reglerar ansvaret för stora plattformsleverantörer som lagrar och tillgängThe inspiration to this study was brought on by the indecisiveness in EU agencies in regards of the legal proposal, “Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on copyright in the Digital Single Market” that was voted through in the EU-parliament in September 2018. The proposal includes an article, article 13, that aims to regulate the responsibility of the providers of

Som en del av en växande trend om en mer hållbar omvärld ställs det allt högre krav på företags ansvar för både miljön och mänskliga rättigheter. Före-tagens arbete med har dock hittills byggt på frivillighet, med OECD:s riktlinjer för multinationella företag och FN:s vägledande principer för företag och mänskliga rättigheter som grundläggande ramverk. EU-kommissionen lämnade i februari år 2022 eAs part of a growing trend towards a more sustainable environment, the demands on corporate responsibility for the environment and human rights are increasing. However, corporate responsibility has so far been based on voluntariness, with the OECD’s guidelines for multinational enterprises and the UN’s guiding principles for business and human rights as the basic frame-work. In February 2022 the E

I svensk rätt har vi en restriktiv syn på informationsinsamling. Ett editionsföreläggande är den möjlighet som finns att med domstolens hjälp få in skriftliga handlingar i processen från en motpart eller från tredje man. I lagtexten i 38 kap. RB anges uttryckligen att editionsplikten omfattar ”skriftliga handlingar”. I och med den tekniska utvecklingen återfinns numera en stor del av de handlingar

Att ersätta bilresor med cykelresor har många fördelar, både ur ett individ- och samhällsperspektiv, t.ex. bättre hälsa genom ökad fysisk aktivitet, lägre nivåer av föroreningar och trängsel. Det finns dock vissa potentiella problem med en sådan förändring. Cyklister löper exempelvis högre risk för trafikolyckor per fordonskilometer än bilförare. Denna risk måste minimeras för en optimal övergång A shift in modal share from car driving to cycling has many benefits, bothfrom individual- and societal perspectives, e.g., better health from anincrease in physical activity, lower levels of pollution and congestion.However, there are also some potential problems with such a shift. Cyclistshave a higher risk of traffic incidents per travelled kilometre than cardrivers. This risk needs to be minim

Seminal plasma is semen without the spermatozoa. Human seminal plasma is a complex mixture of secretions from the sex accessory glands, mainly the seminal vesicles and the prostate. Seminal plasma has high protein content and it also contains ions, sugars and low molecular weight components. Immediately after ejaculation the semenogelins and fibronectin aggregate and a coagulum forms trapping the

Connective tissue contains a prominent extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides for physiological and mechanical properties. Intra- and inter-molecular interactions between proteins in this ECM provide for the formation of molecular networks. These interactions determine the shape of the tissue as well as cell behavior. This thesis is focused on the leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans fibromodulin

Posterior laryngitis (PL) is defined as an inflammation involving the posterior part of the glottal region in conjunction with symptoms. The cause is multifactorial. The aims of the work presented in this thesis were to examine symptoms, physical signs, different aetiologies and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with PL and/or oesophageal dysmotility. In paper I, a group of pati

This brief article investigates the restrictions on Mainland Scandinavian relative clause extraction that have figured in the literature on island constraints. The conclusion is that none of these restrictions can be regarded as constraints on relative clause extraction per se and therefore that the peripheral status standardly assigned to Mainland Scandinavian relative clause extraction cannot be

A majority of the proteins of the immune system are glycosylated and the glycans of IgG are essential for its functionality. Bacteria display enzymes that modulate the glycans of the immune system to weaken the host defense and favor bacterial survival. In this thesis we aimed at exploring bacterial modulation of host glycosylation in infection and to evaluate the usefulness of bacterial enzymes i

HIV-1 is dominating the global HIV pandemic, while HIV-2 is mainly confined to West Africa. The highest HIV-2 prevalence figures have been reported from Guinea-Bissau. While HIV-1 infection almost invariably leads to progressive immune dysfunction and AIDS, HIV-2 infection is characterised by a smaller proportion of individuals with disease progression to AIDS. In order to monitor the long-term e

The middle ear (ME) pressure is regulated by gas diffusion over the ME mucosa and pressure equalizations via the Eustachian tube (ET). Disturbance in the regulation of ME pressure is believed to contribute to the development of chronic ear diseases. In this work subjects with chronic central perforation (CCP), healthy ears with ventilation tubes (VTs), attic cholesteatoma (AC) and Meniere’s diseas

The aims of this dissertation were to investigate the effects of extracellular purines on insulin secretion, and apoptosis in mouse pancreatic islets and β-cells; to examine if high glucose and free fatty acids induces β-cell apoptosis via autocrine effects of ADP acting on the P2Y13 receptor; and to investigate the modulation of extracellular purines in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) throug

Abstract: Background : Anorecta l malformation s (ARM) occur in 4: 10000 newborn children with the gender distribut ion 1:1.5 females:males. The reconstruction of ARM, posterior sagiccal anorectal plasty (PSARP), was implemenred worldwide in the late 1980s and therefore the follow-ups are limited. Aims: To assess bowel symptoms in children and adolescents with ARM, operated on with PSARP, and to

Partly due to an ageing population, the number of osteoporosis-related fractures and osteoarthritis (OA)-related hip and knee arthroplasty procedures is increasing. The individual suffering and the burden on society for these conditions is immense. Genetic contribution for the variance in bone mineral density (BMD) is estimated at around 60–80%, and for OA 50%, leaving a considerable proportion to