Russia has become a magnet for migrant workers from other post-Soviet countries, especially Central Asians. Although Russian business elites generally welcome this cheap labor source, the government has deferred to, and at times encouraged, xenophobic popular sentiment. Steadily tightening immigration rules have forced many foreign workers into the informal economy, where they are vulnerable to ex

Since Rose published a paper suggesting the WTO does not serve to increase the world trade, the organization has become a subject of heated debates. This question is especially important for Russia, as the country becomes the official member of the WTO soon. This dissertation extends the existed empirical evidence of the analysis of the trade outcomes as a result of joining the WTO, applying the p

The article presents the results of a quantitative study of Norwegian and Swedish newspaper articles from 2000 and 2001. The study includes a limited content analysis of the newspaper articles, and a comparison to statistical data on migration.

Sediment successions in coastal cliffs around Mezen Bay, southeastern White Sea, record an unusually detailed history of former glaciations, interstadial marine and fluvial events from the Weichselian. A regional glaciation model for the Weichselian is based on new data from the Mezen Bay area and previously published data from adjacent areas. Following the Mikulinian (Eemian) interglacial a shelf

The mid-Holocene Littorina Sea transgression has been studied in sediment cores from four coastal lakes in NW Russia. The basins are situated in the same drainage system at elevations from 6.9 to 9.2 m a.s.l. Complementary parameters have been applied to identify water-level changes. Chronological models are based on AMS radiocarbon dating of bulk sediments but also wood remains and moss sedge pea

The Ordovician Period has emerged as a highly dynamic time in Earth history. Comprehensive work on chrono, chemo-and biostratigraphy has resulted in an overall wellconstrained systemic framework, but several local successions around the globe still await detailed analysis in many respects. Herein we perform a highresolution analysis of abiotic and biotic signals in the Lynna River section, a key l

In 2021, the EU announced the introduction of a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) to address the carbon leakage problem, which hampers its efforts to mitigate climate change. One of the CBAM requirements is that if an export party can provide that it paid for used carbon domestically, the corresponding amount will be deducted from the EU importers. After the announcement, Russia, one of th

Contemporary Russia is among some of the most unequal countries. After the fall of the Soviet Union, economic inequality has rapidly increased, and social discontent is rising as demonstrated by the continuous protests that culminated in opposition rallies during March 2017. Despite these events, political stability characterizes the current conditions of the Russian regime. What are the forces ma

The thesis explores the de-Russification process in Ukraine since the 2022 Russian invasion using the case study of P. I. Tchaikovsky and the Ukrainian National Tchaikovsky Academy of Music. Students, staff, and alumni have protested the inclusion of the Russian composer’s name, but the governing body of the conservatory has repeatedly kept the name. Each side of the debate references different hi

Aim: The main aim of the study was to describe the differences between some Northern countries regarding what foods, according to the patients, elicit hypersensitivity symptoms. Methods: At the participating clinics, patients with a history of food hypersensitivity (n = 1139) were asked to fill in a questionnaire in which 86 different foodstuffs were listed. Skin-prick tests (SPT) were performed w

Russia is a country in transition towards democracy. After a long period of economical and political suppression, people have a chance to participate in society's life, to affect the ruling government and to express their views more freely. However, in order for the democratic transition to continue, it is not enough to merely have a chance to participate and be active&semic there should b