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BACKGROUND: Risk of bias (RoB) assessment is an essential part of systematic reviews that requires reading and understanding each eligible trial and RoB tools. RoB assessment is subject to human error and is time-consuming. Machine learning-based tools have been developed to automate RoB assessment using simple models trained on limited corpuses. ChatGPT is a conversational agent based on a large

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection may be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, particularly infection by strains without the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) virulence factor. Non-O blood type is a known risk factor for pancreatic cancer, and H. pylori gastric colonization occurs largely from bacterial adhesins binding to blood group antigens on gastric mucosa.METHODS: We included 485 pan

Non-invasive biomarkers for androgen receptor (AR) pathway activation are urgently needed to better monitor patient response to prostate cancer (PCa) therapies. AR is a critical driver and mediator of resistance of PCa but currently available non-invasive PCa biomarkers to monitor AR activity are discordant with downstream AR pathway activity. External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) remains a common tre

PURPOSE: Despite impressive response rates following adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with metastatic melanoma, improvement is needed to increase the efficacy and broaden the applicability of this treatment. We evaluated the use of vemurafenib, a small-molecule BRAF inhibitor with immunomodulatory properties, as priming before TIL harvest and adopti

Antibodies play a key role in acquired human immunity to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria and target merozoites to reduce or prevent blood-stage replication and the development of disease. Merozoites present a complex array of antigens to the immune system, and currently, there is only a partial understanding of the targets of protective antibodies and how responses to different antigens are acq

Human blood plasma can be obtained relatively noninvasively and contains proteins from most, if not all, tissues of the body. Therefore, an extensive, quantitative catalog of plasma proteins is an important starting point for the discovery of disease biomarkers. In 2005, we showed that different proteomics measurements using different sample preparation and analysis techniques identify significant

This review covers recent advances (2023–2024) in neuroimaging research into the pathophysiology, progression, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD). Despite the rapid emergence of blood-based biomarkers, neuroimaging continues to be a vital area of research in ADRD. Here, we discuss neuroimaging as a powerful tool to topographically visualize and quantify amyloid,

BackgroundNon-coding genetic variants that influence gene transcription in pancreatic islets play a major role in the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D), and likely also contribute to type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk. For many loci, however, the mechanisms through which non-coding variants influence diabetes susceptibility are unknown.ResultsWe examine splicing QTLs (sQTLs) in pancreatic islets fro

Hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) is a renewable diesel fuel used to replace petroleum diesel. The organic compounds in HVO are poorly characterized; therefore, toxicological properties could be different from petroleum diesel exhaust. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure and effective biomarkers in 18 individuals after short-term (3 h) exposure to HVO exhaust and petroleum diesel exh

A quarter of ischaemic strokes are lacunar subtype, typically neurologically mild, usually resulting from intrinsic cerebral small vessel pathology, with risk factor profiles and outcome rates differing from other stroke subtypes. This European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline provides evidence-based recommendations to assist with clinical decisions about management of lacunar ischaemic stroke

When the European Commission’s Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) was voted through in July 2024, the playing field for companies operating within the European Union (EU) changed. The CSDDD transforms the previously voluntary responsibility to adhere to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into legally binding regulations. Companies subject to the CSDDD are required to perfo

Sweden became an official member of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (the ‘EPPO’) in July of 2024. Joining the EPPO represents a major change for Swedish procedural criminal proceedings, as the judicial system needs to adapt to the fact that an EU body now has direct authority to take actions related to crimes within Sweden’s jurisdiction. This change is particularly apparent in relation to

The Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD) was adopted on 12 july and needed to be implemented by the member states on 31 december 2018. The general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR) in article 6 is the interest of this thesis. The purpose with the GAAR is to access the arrangements or transactions that try to circumvent the tax legislation. The GAAR should cover gaps and apply to arrangements that are not

Extremväder, såsom torkan 2018, förväntas öka i framtiden på grund av den pågående globala uppvärmningen. Detta kommer bland annat påverka världens skogar, vilka är viktiga i klimatsystemet, framför allt på grund av deras förmåga att binda koldioxid, men även deras utsläpp av biogena volatila organiska kolväten. Skogarnas förutsättningar att bidra till klimatsystemet på detta sätt kan dock ändras Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and droughts, are predicted to increase due to global warming, significantly impacting forest ecosystems. These ecosystems play a crucial role in the climate system through carbon sequestration and the emission of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs), which can form Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOAs) and thus have a cooling effect on the climate. In

I takt med att världens befolkning växer ökar även mängden genererat hushållsavfall, vilket utgör en betydande påverkan på miljö och samhälle. Under 2018 genererades cirka 2 miljarder ton avfall globalt, en siffra som förväntas stiga till 3,4 miljarder ton till 2050. En stad som på senare år har gjort stora framsteg inom avfallshantering är Rwandas huvudstad Kigali, känd som Afrikas renaste stad. This master’s thesis explores a Waste-to-Energy solution for Kigali, specifically focusing on the Mpazi Rehousing Project. Kigali faces challenges with Solid Waste Management (SWM) despite its reputation for cleanliness and efficient urban planning. It aims to transform biowaste into biogas, contributing to sustainable urban development and reducing waste at Nduba landfill. The research addresses

Förbättring av bildkvalité med hjälp av kristaller! Alla som någon gång har försökt att ta en bild vet den stora vikten av att ha bra fokus i bilden och hur störigt det är när man inte får till bra bildkvalité. Dagens kameror har blivit känsligare och det är idag viktigare än någonsin att alla komponenter i kameran finns på rätt plats. Bara några mikrometers skillnad på placeringen av bildsensornThe use of piezoelectric crystals as a way to achieve automatic alignment of an image sensor in a camera was investigated in collaboration with Axis Communications AB. Piezoelectric crystals can be created into different configurations, piezoelectric stacks being one of the simpler ones. By attaching three piezoelectric stacks behind an image sensor and applying voltage to the stacks, they expand

In 2018, Sweden passed a new law regarding rape, which is based on the lack of voluntary participation or in other words, consent. This means that it is now the perpetrators intent, regarding that the other person does not participate voluntarily in the sexual act, which lays in the court judgements focus. Another change was that a new offense where passed, negligent rape. Thus, criminal liability

Under de senaste årtiondena har bin, såsom humlor, minskat i både antal arter och populationsmängder. Detta är ett stort problem för vårt samhälle då både jordbruket och naturliga ekosystem till stor del är beroende av dessa pollinatörer. Det är speciellt problematiskt att humlor minskar då de har förmågan att utföra en speciell sorts pollinering (buzz-pollination) som några av våra vanligaste gröThe decline of bees, such as bumblebees, over the last decades raises concerns as they are key pollinators in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. One proposed cause for the decline of wild bees is competition for food resources with managed honeybees. Detrimental effects of competition can result where co-existing species exhibit a high degree of shared resource use (i.e., niche overlap). Th

Popular Abstract in Swedish Jag kommer i denna avhandling att resonera kring frågor om skräckfilm som genre och studera hur Hellraiser förhåller sig till dess teman och problem. Hellraiser är en skräckfilm och således, på gott och ont, bunden till en kontroversiell genre. Jag anser det omöjligt att frångå detta i min analys där jag bland annat studerar ondska, sexualitet och genus. Efter en presenIn this dissertation I will discuss horror film as a genre and study how Hellraiser relates to its themes and problems. First I describe the production of the film and after that I present Clive Barker - his background, authorship, film-making and artwork. Next I study the problems of the genre and the different ways in which this genre is defined. I look at narrative characteristics as well as, f