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It has been discussed for a long time whether the PRV’s examination of relative grounds for refusal regarding trademarks should be abolished or not. Before the new Trademarks Act came into force in July 2011, the question was first discussed by the Brand Committee in 2001 and then again in 2008 after requests from the industry. However, the official examination remained unaffected, on the grounds
Sveriges alkoholmonopol, som instiftades för att reglera alkoholförsäljningen för att främja folkhälsan, förändrades efter EU-inträdet 1995, vilket ökade tillgängligheten av alkohol och möjliggjorde fler leverantörer på marknaden. Efter ändringar i alkohollagen 2008 uppkom flera webbplatser för alkoholbeställningar med hemleverans. Rättsliga åtgärder från Systembolaget mot e-handelsföretaget WinefSweden's alcohol monopoly, established to regulate alcohol sales and promote public health, underwent changes following its entry into the EU in 1995, increasing alcohol accessibility and permitting more suppliers in the market. Amendments to The Alcohol Act in 2008 resulted in the emergence of various websites for alcohol orders with home delivery. Legal actions by Systembolaget against t
Att återkalla ett permanent uppehållstillstånd är ett mycket ingripande beslut som kan påverka den enskildes trygghet. Av den anledningen ska den en-skildes trygghet och stabilitet alltid beaktas när ett sådant beslut fattas. Konsekvenserna av att återkalla ett permanent uppehållstillstånd kan vara att personen inte längre har rätt att resa in i Sverige utan visum och att personen inte längre är fRevoking a permanent residence permit is a highly intrusive decision that can affect the individual's security. For this reason, the individual's security and stability should always be taken into account when making such a deci-sion. The consequences of revoking a permanent residence permit may in-clude the person no longer having the right to enter Sweden without a visa and no longer bei
Denna uppsats undersöker effekterna på slutkundpris av prisgaranti och omteckningsrätt i elavtal som Vattenfall introducerade sommaren 2006, så kallade Trygghetsavtal. Genom att analysera elhandlares slutkundpriser och marginaler före och efter introduktionen av dessa avtal har slutsatser dragits om hur detta påverkar slutkundpriserna på el. Priserna på den nordiska elbörsen, Nord Pool, har unders
Until the 1st of July 2013, one of the requirements according to Swedish law to change gender identification was that the applicant had to be sterilised or by other reasons remain permanently infertile. The requirement was abolished after a ruling from the Administrative Court of Appeal, which stated that the requirement violated both the ECHR and Chapter 2 of the Instrument of Government. The que
Att investera i aktier på värdepappersmarknaden blir alltmer vanligt förekommande vilket resulterar i ett ökat behov av information för marknadens aktörer. Reglerna om prospekt syftar huvudsakligen till att skydda en investerare från felaktig information avseende ett investeringsobjekt. När ett bolag erbjuder överlåtbara värdepapper till allmänheten eller ansöker om upptagande till handel på en reInvesting in shares on the securities market is increasingly common occurring resulting in an enlarged need of information for the market participants. The Prospectus Rules essentially seek to protect an investor from misinformation regarding an investment object. When a company offers transferable securities to the public or admission to trading on a regulated market, this company is namely oblig
Våld i nära relationer har länge varit ett stort samhällsproblem. Problematiken utgörs framförallt av systematiskt våld från en närstående, ibland även med dödlig utgång. Våldet förekommer ofta i hemmet och forskning har visat att kvinnor drabbas i större utsträckningen av grövre våld i jämförelse med män. Vid närmare samtal om ämnet har man funnit ytterligare en särskilt utsatt grupp som ofta falDomestic violence has long been a major societal issue. Domestic violence usually consists of systematic violence from a close relative, sometimes even with a fatal outcome. Research has shown that women are affected to a greater extent by more serious violence in comparison to men. During closer discussions on the subject another particularly vulnerable group has been found to often fall between
Riksåklagaren är Sveriges högsta allmänna åklagare och allmän åklagare i HD. Riksåklagaren har en central roll inom rättsväsendet. Han ska bland annat verka för en enhetlig rättstillämpning, vilket till stor del utförs genom Riksåklagarens yttranden i sina svarsskrivelser och överklagandeskrifter i mål som överklagas till HD. År 1993 infördes ett system med prövningstillstånd avseende vissa brottThe Chief Public Prosecutor is Sweden's most high-ranked public prosecutor and public prosecutor in the Supreme Court. The Chief Public Prosecutor has a central role in the legal system. He will, among other tasks, work for a uniform application of the law, which is mainly achieved by the Chief Prosecutor´s opinions in his replies and appeal papers in the cases being appealed to the Supreme Co
The essay aims to clarify the responsibility of States arising from a serious breach of a peremptory norm by another State. It does so by using the adviso-ry opinion of July 2024, in which the International Court of Justice found Israel’s occupation of the Palestinian territories unlawful. The Courts ruling raised three obligations for third States: the obligation not to recognize the situation as
In the spring of 2024, a contentious legislative proposal was voted through in the Swedish parliament. In July 2025 the gender recognition act will be replaced. The new law will reduce the age limit for the right to change legal gender from 18 to 16 years of age, with the consent of the guardians of the youth concerned. Over the last decade, several initiatives have been raised with the objective
On 14 July 2023, the European Commission initiated infringement proceedings against Sweden, arguing that the Swedish rules on preliminary taxation are incompatible with the freedom to provide services. The disputed rules, which entered into force in 2021, abolished a previous exemption from the obligation to withhold tax on payments to foreign service providers without a permanent establishment in
Background: It has been observed that mice lacking the sulfatase modifying factor (Sumf1) developed an emphysema-like phenotype. However, it is unknown if SUMF1 may play a role in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in humans. The aim was to investigate if the expression and genetic regulation of SUMF1 differs between smokers with and without COPD. Methods: SUMF1 mRNA was investigated in
ABHD12 mutations have been linked to neurodegenerative PHARC (polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and early-onset cataract), a rare, progressive, autosomal, recessive disease. Although ABHD12 is suspected to play a role in the lysophosphatidylserine and/or endocannabinoid pathways, its precise functional role(s) leading to PHARC disease had not previously been characterized
Understanding the structure-property relationship in electrocatalysts under working conditions is crucial for the rational design of novel and improved catalytic materials. This paper presents the Aarhus University reactor for electrochemical studies using X-rays (AUREX) operando electrocatalytic flow cell, designed as an easy-To-use versatile setup with a minimal background contribution and a uni
We have developed an efficient approach to generate functional induced dopaminergic (DA) neurons from adult human dermal fibroblasts. When performing DA neuronal conversion of patient fibroblasts with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), we could specifically detect disease-relevant pathology in these cells. We show that the patient-derived neurons maintain age-related properties of the donor and
The long-term provision of ocean ecosystem services depends on healthy ecosystems and effective sustainable management. Understanding public opinion about marine and coastal ecosystems is important to guide decision-making and inform specific actions. However, available data on public perceptions on the interlinked effects of climate change, human impacts and the value and management of marine and
BACKGROUND: Apalutamide is an inhibitor of the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor. Whether the addition of apalutamide to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) would prolong radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival as compared with placebo plus ADT among patients with metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate cancer has not been determined.METHODS: In this double-blind,
Complete resection is the treatment of choice for most pediatric brain tumors, but early postoperative MRI for detection of residual tumor may be misleading because of MRI signal changes caused by the operation. PET imaging with amino acid tracers in adults increases the diagnostic accuracy for brain tumors, but the literature in pediatric neurooncology is limited. A hybrid PET/MRI system is highl
