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Complement is a key first line innate host defense system in the blood of vertebrates. Upon activation, this powerful defense mechanism can elicit inflammatory responses, lyse non-self-cells, or mark them for opsonophagocytic removal. Blood-feeding arthropods thus require the ability to block host complement activation in the bloodmeal to prevent undesired cell or tissue damage during feeding. The
Context: Chronic breathlessness is a clinical syndrome that results in significant distress and disability. Morphine can reduce chronic breathlessness when the contributing etiologies are optimally treated. Objectives: Does oxycodone reduce chronic breathlessness compared with placebo? Methods: A multisite, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-arm, fixed-dose trial of oral contro
BACKGROUND: Obesity is an established risk factor for several cancers. Adult weight gain has been associated with increased cancer risk, but studies on timing and duration of adult weight gain are relatively scarce. We examined the impact of BMI (body mass index) and weight changes over time, as well as the timing and duration of excess weight, on obesity- and non-obesity-related cancers. METHODS:
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Minimal Eating Observation Form-Version II (MEOF-II) is a screening and research tool for eating difficulties. Here we assess the psychometric properties of the tool. METHODS: Cross-sectional MEOF-II data, n = 5,956 persons (nursing home residents [n = 3,087]; in-hospital patients [n = 1,490]; mean age 76.9; 61% women). Data was analyzed taking account of the dichotomou
BackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that many psychiatric disorders etiologically represent the extreme end of dimensionally distributed features rather than distinct entities. The extent to which this applies to eating disorders (EDs) is unknown.MethodsWe investigated if there is similar etiology in (a) the continuous distribution of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), (b) the extremes
The global rise in obesity and steady decline in sperm quality are two alarming trends that have emerged during recent decades. In parallel, evidence from model organisms shows that paternal diet can affect offspring metabolic health in a process involving sperm tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA). Here, we report that human sperm are acutely sensitive to nutrient flux, both in terms of sperm motility
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a ubiquitous family of transmembrane water channel proteins. A subgroup of AQP water channels also facilitates transmembrane diffusion of small, polar solutes. A constriction within the pore, the aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter, is thought to control solute permeability: previous studies on single representative water channel proteins suggest narrow channels condu
In breast cancer, Lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) and other lysine demethylases (KDMs), such as Lysine-specific demethylase 6A also known as Ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat, X chromosome (UTX), are co-expressed and co-localize with estrogen receptors (ERs), suggesting the potential use of hybrid (epi)molecules to target histone methylation and therefore regulate/redirect hor
Performance of mutual fund selection methods is typically assessed using long samples (long time series). We investigate how well the methods perform in shorter samples. We carry out an extensive simulation study based on empirically motivated skill distributions. For both short and long samples, we present evidence of large differences in performance between popular fund selection methods. In an
This study focused on parents' perceptions of the quality of sibling relationship and its association with some behavioral and emotional characteristics of the typically developing sibling. The participants were parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing siblings. The sample size was 43. The group comprised 14 fathers (32.6%) and 29 mothers (67.4%) aged 33-53 years
BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease, with high mortality rate and substantial disability among survivors. Its causes are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate risk factors for SAH using a novel nationwide cohort consortium. METHODS: We obtained individual participant data of 949 683 persons (330 334 women) between 25 and 90 years old, with no history of SAH at
Artificial two-dimensional (2D) materials, which host electronic or spatial structure and properties not typical for their bulk allotropes, can be grown epitaxially on atomically flat surfaces; the design and investigation of these materials are thus at the forefront of current research. Here we report the formation of borophene, a planar boron allotrope, on the surface of Ir(111) by exposing it t
The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. p-Tolyl acetate was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog ethyl p-tolyl carbonate (CAS # 22719-81-9) show that p-tolyl acetate
The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. Isobutyl alcohol was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data show that isobutyl alcohol is not genotoxic. Data on isobutyl alcohol provide a calculated M
We present new geochronological data on dolerites from the Chaya dyke swarm of the Baikal inlier of the Siberian craton. The U-Pb dating of baddeleyite from one dyke located at the SW end of the Chaya dyke swarm yielded an age of 1752±6 Ma, similar to the previously obtained age of a dyke in the NE end of this swarm. These ages establish an age of 1752 Ma for a unified Chaya dyke swarm that extend
Objective: Clinical observations over time of adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) have indicated a shift in patient characteristics at diagnosis. The objective of this study was to compare baseline characteristics of patients diagnosed with adult-onset GHD naive to GH replacement during t hree study periods (1994-1999 (P1), 2000-2004 (P2), and 2005-2012 (P3)) using the KIMS (Pfizer's
Summary: We studied the risk for hip fracture before and after total knee replacement (TKR) in the entire population in Sweden. Women and men had a low risk for hip fracture before TKR but an increased risk the first year after TKR. Purpose: It is known that osteoarthritis is associated with high bone mass. We therefore studied the risk of hip fracture before and after total knee replacement (TKR)
Incorrect analysis results that are close to expected might not be recognized in scientific studies or routine patient care. In two field studies we obtained unexpected results in a large number of samples. The present study aimed to identify the source of error in the samples from these studies and to validate a method to obtain correct results. Pre-analytical procedures were scrutinized, giving
Objectives: Assess the relationship of cognitive impairment to disability, accounting for depression severity and frailty, among older adults with late-life depression (LLD). Methods: Data were analyzed from 78 community-dwelling older adults with LLD and without dementia (age M = 71.9; SD = 6.1). Cognitive functioning was assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Depression sever
