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Recent studies have shown that UVB irradiation induces primary and secondary hyperalgesia in rats and humans peaking about 24 h after UVB exposure. In the present study we investigated the changes in galanin, substance P and c-fos immunoreactivity in rat DRG and spinal cord at the L5 level 2–96 h after UVB irradiation. UVB irradiation of the heel area in rats almost increased the skin blood flow t
Protein–protein interactions play important roles in bacterial pathogenesis. Surface-bound or secreted bacterial proteins are key in mediating bacterial virulence. Thus, these factors are of high importance to study in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind bacterial pathogenesis. Here, we present a protein-based strategy that can be used to identify and isolate bacterial proteins of i
The dopamine (DA) precursor, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA), is the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but causes dyskinesias (abnormal involuntary movements) in the vast majority of patients. There is a wide consensus that L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) depends on both pre- and postsynaptic disturbances of the nigrostriatal DA transmission. Presynaptically, LID is ass
The purpose of this book chapter is to give the reader a thorough background to the fundamentals and applications of pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) for the analysis of bioactive compounds. The chapter summarizes the field for 2009-2014 and includes fundamentals of water as a solvent; equipment; method optimization; a few selected applications; hyphenations and future aspects. It is highli
Agricultural fertilization significantly affects arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community composition. However, the functional implications of community shifts are unknown, limiting understanding of the role of AMF in agriculture. We assessed AMF community composition at four sites managed under the same nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer regimes for 55 yr. We also established a glass
Mixing plays an important role in the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test, but only limited efforts have been put into it. In this study, various mixing strategies were applied to evaluate the influences on the BMP test, i.e., no mixing, shaking in water bath, shake manually once per day (SKM), automated unidirectional and bidirectional mixing. The results show that the effects of mixing are
The cross section asymmetry of C12(γ,p01)B11 and C12(γ,p2−6)B11 reactions has been studied at the energy range 40–55 MeV, using linearly polarized tagged photons of the MAX-lab facility. The asymmetry of the C12(γ,p01)B11 processes, which assume the one-body mechanism of the reaction, is Σ≈0.82±0.05 for photon energies 45–50 MeV. The asymmetry for the C12(γ,p2−6)B11 reactions, which produce a maxi
Urban source separation infrastructure systems have a promising potential for a more sustainable management of household food waste and wastewaters. A renewed trend of larger implementations of pilot areas with such systems is currently emerging in Northern Europe. This study investigates the drivers behind the decision of stakeholders to implement source separation systems as well as the importan
We propose a simple approach to treatment effect estimation in panel data that is valid when the number of time periods is small and the parallel trends condition is violated due to the presence of interactive fixed effects. The procedure allows the covariates to be affected by treatment and enables separation of the part of the estimated treatment effect that is due to the covariates from the par
Researchers use area of interest (AOI) analyses to interpret eye-tracking data. This article addresses four key aspects of AOI use: 1) how to report AOIs to support replicable analyses, 2) how to interpret AOI-related statistics, 3) methods for generating both static and dynamic AOIs, and 4) recent developments and future directions in AOI use. The article underscores the importance of aligning AO
Inflammation and infection remain unmet challenges in wounds of various etiologies, delaying healing, impacting quality of life, and increasing healthcare costs. The thrombin-derived C-terminal peptide TCP-25 has demonstrated dual anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities in animal wound infection models, thereby promoting healing, highlighting its therapeutic potential as a wound treatment.
China plans expanding 49.5 million hectares of new forests by 2050 to strengthen carbon sequestration. However, estimates of the carbon benefits from this expansion rarely consider the effect of 'forest edge', where tree mortality increases under intensified stress from wind, drought, pests, and fire. Here we show that proximity to forest edges substantially reduces biomass carbon storage, and dev
Increasing drought frequency and intensity affect biophysical functions of natural ecosystems. In tropical semi-arid savannas, while immediate drought effects are well-studied, the drought legacy effects on vegetation composition and associated ecosystem functions remain unclear. We used data of vegetation composition, net ecosystem CO 2 exchange, surface albedo and evapotranspiration (ET) in 201
Over-reliance in high-risk industries on prescriptive emergency procedures and the capacity of high-fidelity simulation has initiated the search for new steps for training for unexpected and escalating situations. This chapter outlines a theoretical framework describing the adaptive and flexible competencies that add up to an organisation’s resilience in escalating situations. To make the framewor
Background: SARS-CoV-2 remains globally circulating, yet post-pandemic comprehensive molecular, serological, and population-level immunity data from low-resource settings such as Ethiopia are limited. This study employed genomic surveillance with seroepidemiological assessment to characterize the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 among individuals presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe a
