A decomposition of the field of the wave equation in three dimensions is suggested. This wave splitting decomposes the field into two components such that in free space simple propagation properties are obtained. The inhomogeneous region is assumed to have a phase velocity variation that varies only in the radial coordinate r from the origin. The suggested wave splitting is a generalization of the

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These guidelines are for practicing orthopedic surgeons who do not have a special interest in treatment of osteoporosis or prevention of falls, but who should have basic knowledge about how to prevent new fractures.

We will consider a vector-valued Sturm-Liouville equation of the form R[U]:=-(PU')(')+QU=lambdaWU, xis an element of[0,b), with P-1, W, Qis an element ofL(loc)(1)([0,b))(mxm) being Hermitian and under some additional conditions on P-1 and W. We give an elementary deduction of the leading order term asymptotics for the Titchmarsh-Weyl M-function corresponding to this equation. In the special case o

The GSM speech coder for digital mobile telephones has been designed on a custom DSP using an environment for development of arbitrary processor architectures. A netlist of the speech coder has been generated from a high level description in a presented design environment. Improvement of the performance both by modifying the high level description and by hand optimization of the microcode is discu

Semenogelins I and II (SgI and SgII) are homologous and rapidly evolving proteins that have a repetitive primary structure and are synthesized mainly in the seminal vesicles. Upon ejaculation, a gelatinous coagulum is formed when the semenogelin-rich secretion from the seminal vesicles is mixed with the prostate secretion, which contains high concentrations of zinc(II) and proteases. These proteas

The leaf area index (LAI), was estimated in deciduous forests of southern Sweden using different estimation techniques. The effective LAI (L-e) was estimated optically by measurements with the gap fraction instrument LAI-2000 and corrections for the aggregation of leaves were achieved by using the TRAC (Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies) instrument. Two methods for correcting the cont

Popular Abstract in Swedish "Tanken i rörelse" handlar dels om hur tanken sätts i rörelse av brus och dels om hur detta brus kan användas av hjärnan för att fånga upp visuell rörelse. Ofta betraktas brus som en störning, men detta arbete försöker visa att brus kan ha en viktig funktion i tankeprocessen. Arbetet vill visa hur våra tankar växer fram ur det bakgrundsbrus som alltid finns i hjärnan i The brain is not silent. Even in the absence of stimuli are the neurons activated every now and then in what is called "spontaneous" or "background activity" which provides a noisy background to the operation of the brain. This work shows how this noise can be utilized in the cognitive process. That is, rather than being treated as a nuisance, noise is given a functional role in the brain´s activi

Popular Abstract in Swedish Allergisk rinit är en immunförmedlad sjukdom som huvudsakligen drabbar nässlemhinnan. Vid kontakt med allergen, t.ex. pollen, uppkommer typiska symptom såsom klåda, nysningar, rinnsnuva och nästäppa. Immunförsvaret brukar traditionellt indelas i två samverkande delar, den medfödda och den förvärvade delen. Den medfödda delen aktiveras snabbt vid en första kontakt med miAllergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder with the characteristic symptoms itching, sneezing, secretion and blockage upon allergen contact. In addition to the local inflammation in the nose, there is a systemic component that influences peripheral blood, bone marrow and lungs. The immune system is conventionally divided into innate and acquired (adaptive) immunity. The former is important in

This article highlights the importance of communication and collaboration with units outside the library to make self-archiving attractive to authors. The monthly electronic publication, Lund Virtual Medical Journal (LVMJ), published by the Department of Strategic Communication of the Faculty of Medicine at Lund University, started as a response to the need to increase the visibility of ongoing re

Intag av söta livsmedel har ökat i Sverige och övriga västvärlden. Typ av söta livsmedel har också ändrat karaktär; sött finns idag främst som dryck – läskkonsumtionen står i särklass över andra söta drycker. Aptitreglering för socker har beskrivits i djurmodeller, där det visats att opiatfrisättning triggar sockerintag i en uppåtgående spiral. Troligen gäller samma för människa. Sött frisätter opThe consumption of sweet food has increased in Sweden, as in other Western countries. The type of food item has changed. The sweet is dominated by soft drinks. Appetite regulation for sucrose has been described in experimental animal models. It has been found that opioids stimulate appetite for sucrose. At the same time sucrose releases endogenous opioids so that a triggering of sucrose consumptio

Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen frequently colonizing the throat and skin of humans. To facilitate colonization and spread and to avoid the host immune defence, streptococci are endowed with a variety of virulence factors, two of which are investigated in this thesis namely streptolysin O (SLO) and M protein. SLO is a secreted cytolysin that forms pores in eukaryotic membran

A family of lipid-linked heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, later named glypicans, were identified some 15 years ago. The discoveries that mutations in genes involved in glypican assembly cause developmental defects have brought them into focus. Glypicans have a characteristic pattern of 14 conserved cysteine residues. There are also two–three attachment sites for HS side-chains near the membrane

In this study the integration and optimisation of hydrophobic pervaporation for the recovery of natural aroma compounds in the food industry has been studied. The simulation developed in the first part of this study was applied to the design and scale-up of pervaporation units for the recovery of natural apple juice aroma. Both semi-batch and continuous process configurations were considered and t

The concept of nonradiating (NR) sources is introduced to transmission lines in the time-domain analysis. A method is presented to construct localized voltage and current sources which do not produce any fields outside the source domain. These sources cannot, therefore, be detected by measurements made outside the source region. The importance of such sources for the uniqueness of the inverse-sour

The experience from five national environmental agreement schemes, all about energy efficiency in manufacturing industries, is discussed in relation to the potential for similar action at the European Community level. Agreements at the Community level could have significant advantages. But success at the national level depends on parameters that would be difficult to reproduce or substitute at the