Då vi lyser med ljus på något ämne kan det huvudsakligen hända tre olika saker; ljuset går rakt igenom ämnet (transmitteras), ljuset tas upp av ämnet (absorberas) eller ljuset ändrar riktning i ämnet (sprids). Vi ser alla dessa effekter hela tiden och de är självklara i vårt vardagliga liv. Ett exempel är de färger vi uppfattar och som utgör en stor del av de synintryck som vi får från vår omgivniLight interacting with biological matter is dominated by light scattering; biological matter is turbid. In order not to harm the natural structure of biological matter, visible light can be used to investigate it, and to avoid the light being absorbed from e.g. blood and water, an optical window in the longer wavelength region of the visible spectrum is used, that is, red light. One can actually c

Trends in today’s building society seem to lead towards a more sustainable society where energy efficiency and sustainability are seen as real parameters to take into consideration at both community planning and villa projects. Now that concepts like zero energy and passive houses will be part of the construction industry’s mainstream, the authors hope that the construction industry will take this

Due to circumstances like increased competition and difficulties competing on traditional parameters, companies in the office space market want to develop their offers. The Authors investigates what the current offer really is, why it looks the way it does, and possible cases of differentiation. The thesis aims to investigate the current offer to office-tenants and how it is presented, to examine

In this paper, using Chinese provincial sector data, I examine the market integration between provinces in China both in wages and different prices of commodity. I use the beta convergence, sigma convergence and the correlation coefficient to determine the degree of market integration and analyze how the wages and prices have differed over time for the period 1986 to 2011. The results indicate tha

The purpose of this study is to investigate if a CRE sale and lease back transaction generates a positive abnormal return on the lessee’s stock value, by using event study methodology. Furthermore, the probable relationship between the positive abnormal return and the transaction value, as well as the cash flow is investigated by using linear regression. A short term as well as a long term perspec

This is a comparative study of symptom differences between Funktionell Family Therapy (FFT) and Treatment as usual (TAU) for compulsory care of young Swedish women, aged 16-21 years. Are there any differences in problems/symptoms between these both groups of youth that can be crucial to where they get their treatable? Current research supports and admits home-based family therapy. Department care

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning De båda polerna har naturliga variationer med istäckets utbredning. Arktis och Antarktis har väl anpassad biota som klarar av det stränga klimatet och som är beroende av isens säsongsvariationer med att frysa och smälta. Isen spelar även en stor roll vid klimatvariationer och förändringar. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka vilken isbildning som är mest The polar areas have natural variations in the ice extent. The Arctic and Antarctic environment have well-adapted biota that can handle climate and that are dependent on the seasonal variations of freezing and melting of the ice. The ice also plays a major role in climate changes and climate variability. The aim of this report is to determine the type of ice formation that is most common for the p

Detta är en etnologisk uppsats som med utgångspunkt i Idrottsgalan och utdelningen av Jerringpriset 2012 till hoppryttaren Rolf-Göran Bengtsson, kommer analysera ridsportens plats i media och samhälle genom Bourdieus klass och kapitalbegrepp. Med hjälp av en etnografisk metod undersöks vilka föreställningar och uppfattningar som finns kring ridsporten och hur dessa tas uttryck i media. Fokus läggs

This paper investigates the effects of population age structure and economic growth on the household saving rate in China and examines whether life cycle hypothesis (LCH) holds in the country like China, where LCH may be less applicable. By applying two popular time series econometric techniques (cointegration technique and vector error correction model), the author examines the long-run convergen

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Världens skogar spelar en viktig roll i den globala kolcykeln. Med den ökade nivån av CO2-koncentrationen i atmosfären, orsakad av bränning av fossila bränslen och avskogning, så är det viktigt att analysera skogens roll som global kolsänka. Denna uppsats analyserar den boreala skogen och den tropiska skogen genom att undersöka hur mycket kol som tas upp och var The world’s forest biomes have an important role in the global carbon cycle. With an increasing level of atmospheric CO2 concentration, mainly due to the burning of fossil fuel and deforestation, it is important to analyze the significance of the forests biomes as carbon sinks. This review analyses the boreal forest and the tropical forest by investigating the amount of carbon taken up and where m

This paper addresses the questions whether the provisions of the freedom of secondary establishment require the origin and host states provide identical treatment with regard to subsidiary (resident for tax purposes) and permanent establishment (non-resident for tax purposes) in all respects. The paper highlights the fundamentals of the comparability analysis as well as the basics of the subsequen

The present study had two primary objectives; one, to examine whether general self-efficacy was correlated with procrastination; and two, to investigate if a specific motivation approach could be linked to the tendency to procrastinate. It was hypothesized that self-efficacy would be negatively correlated with procrastination, and that avoidance-oriented motivation and mastery-oriented motivation

A lattice model for fibril formation on the basis of general peptide interactions is presented. Fibrils are well-structured protein aggregates and a key phenomenon in many diseases, among them Alzheimer. We study the model’s equilibrium and kinetic properties using Wang-Landau sampling and a Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm with cluster moves. The peptides are shown to form ordered fibrilar aggreg

This thesis takes its inspiration from two statements of objections given by the Commission of the European Union and compares it with the equivalent legal development in the US. The objections hint to the EU judiciary’s stance towards standard setting organizations and conduct exclusive to standard setting processes. Focus will be given to the development on EU competition law under article 102 T

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Klimatet i region Sahel varierar på en årlig och decennielång basis. Under slutet av 1900-talet har den utsätts för en period av markant torka. Mellan 1960 och 1990 nådde nederbörden nivåer av bara 40 % av genomsnittet. På grund av detta skattas perioden en av de makantaste klimatiska fenomen i hela världen under 1900-talet. Torkan har orsakat stora konsekvenser The Sahel is a region of large interannual and interdecadal climatic variability. In the late 20th century it experienced a period of pronounced drought that lasted from the late 1960 to the early 1990s, where precipitation values reached only about 40% of the long-term mean. This is why this period counts among one of the most striking climatic phenomena worldwide in the 20th century. The consequ