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In this chapter, we first reflect on approaches to public health, ethical positions on public health issues, and definitions of health. We subsequently present ethical, legal, and social issues in genetics and genomics, with particular attention to public health and the historical perspective. We then discuss the issues related to the implementation of genomic technologies in public health with fo
The adsorption of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propionitrile (TESP) on a reduced rutile TiO2(110) surface has been investigated using synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). We have studied TESP adsorption on two surface preparation of rutile TiO2 (110) to explore the role of surface defects. In the first preparation, the adsorption of TESP was studied on reduced TiO2 (1
Obtaining informed consent for a medical intervention or testing is considered as one of the cornerstone principles in responsible medical practice, including in genetic and genomic clinical testing. The challenges of obtaining truly informed consent in this field have kept stakeholders particularly busy (if not weary) in the face of multidimensional (communication) obstacles which include: the un
Whole exome and whole genome sequencing are increasingly being offered to patients in the clinical setting. Yet, the question of whether, and to what extent, unsolicited findings (UF) and/or secondary findings (SF) should be returned to patients remains open and little is known about how diagnostic consent forms address this issue. We systematically identified consent forms for diagnostic genomic
With the use of genetic technology, researchers have the potential to inform medical diagnoses and treatment in actionable ways. Accurate variant interpretation is a necessary condition for the utility of genetic technology to unfold. This relies on the ability to access large genomic datasets so that comparisons can be made between variants of interest. This can only be successful if DNA and medi
Trust may be important in shaping public attitudes to genetics and intentions to participate in genomics research and big data initiatives. As such, we examined trust in data sharing among the general public. A cross-sectional online survey collected responses from representative publics in the USA, Canada, UK and Australia (n = 8967). Participants were most likely to trust their medical doctor an
There are several key unsolved issues relating to the clinical use of next generation sequencing, such as: should laboratories report variants of uncertain significance (VUS) to clinicians and/or patients? Should they reinterpret VUS in response to growing knowledge in the field? And should patients be recontacted regarding such results? We systematically analyzed 58 consent forms in English used
A controlled, highly engineered landfill has many similarities to natural peatlands or other natural anoxic sediment deposits. In anaerobic MSW landfills, generally about 30-50 percent of the total carbon content in the waste can be converted into biogas and be collected as resource for energy or chemical industry. Remaining long-lived organic carbon, e.g. from lignin remains un-degraded, Organic
We have briefly discussed herein four of the many aspects that raise concerns in the context of implementation of whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing (mainly) in the clinical realm. Namely, we addressed issues surrounding: (1) the duty to hunt for variants known to have a health impact, (2) such “hunting” or opportunistic screening in children, (3) challenges to the consent process, and (4) th
Peptide oligomerization dynamics affects peptide structure, activity, and pharmacodynamic properties. The thrombin C-terminal peptide, TCP-25 (GKYGFYTHVFRLKKWIQKVIDQFGE), is currently in preclinical development for improved wound healing and infection prevention. It exhibits turbidity when formulated at pH 7.4, particularly at concentrations of 0.3 mM or more. We used biochemical and biophysical a
Reference attribute grammars (RAGs) have reached a level of maturity where they are supported by several tools, and have gained traction in both academic and industrial language tool development. However, despite a lot of accumulated knowledge of how to best develop RAGs in practice, there is limited support to guide practitioners.In this paper, we address this issue by focusing on one RAG tool, J
Kapitlet behandlar det fotografiska porträttet som bildgenre i Sverige under 1800-talet och går igenom yrkesutövare, kvinnliga fotografers villkor, spridning av ateljéer, format och bildtyper samt kunder och andra avbildade.
Recent experimental evidence suggests that noisy behavior correlates strongly with personal characteristics. Since decision noise leads to bias in most elicitation tasks, there is a risk of falsely interpreting noise-driven relationships as preference driven. This puts previous studies that found a negative relation between personality measures and risk aversion into perspective and in particular
Pesticide use is increasing in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, and many smallholders purchase, handle, and apply toxic pesticides with inadequate equipment, knowledge, and technical support. Through the frame of environmental justice, this literature-based study analyzes characteristics, impacts, and drivers of smallholder pesticide use in sub-Saharan Africa, with particular attention to Uganda
We revisit the discussion on family limitation through stopping and spacing behavior prior to and during the fertility transition with a sample of 12 800 settler women's birth histories in nineteenth and twentieth century South Africa. Using cure models that allow us to separate those who stop child bearing from those who continue, we find no evidence of parity-specific spacing prior to the transi
A site in mid-western Sweden contaminated with chlorinated solvents originating from a previous dry cleaning facility, was investigated using conventional groundwater analysis combined with compound-specific isotope data of carbon, microbial DNA analysis, and geoelectrical tomography techniques. We show the value of this multidisciplinary approach, as the different results supported each interpret
