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A novel approach to the control of a GDI engine is presented. The controller consists of a combination of sub-controllers, where torque feedback is a central part. The sub-controllers are with a few exceptions designed using simple linear feedback and feedforward control design methods. Special mode switch strategies are used to minimize the torque bumps during combustion mode changes. The control
The brief study aims to identify the genesis of the first dramatic protagonist Mihail Sebastian imagined, both the autobiographical and the literary earlier experiences and expressions of his playwriting philosophy of the evasion, a philosophy that is to be regarded as a prototype for his future drama. For this a rather exhaustive synthesis of the critical references is required as well as a minut
Popular AbstractAvhandlingen är en feministisk analys av regionalpolitiken som möjliggörare för kvinnor som vill försörja sig på landbygden som egna företagare. Fokus i studien är kvinnor som ville men inte ansåg sig ha eller fick möjlighet driva sina företagsidéer vidare och därför avvecklade dem på ett tidigt stadium. I intervjuer redogör ett antal kvinnor för sina upplevelser av att arbeta för This thesis deals with questions concerning the different strategies women adopt in order to support themselves when they become unemployed in rural areas. One strategy is to start a business of one's one, a strategy supported and called for by the Swedish Government, especially during the 1990s economic recession. Another important factor was the Swedish membership in the EU that demanded cutback
Newly available wavelet bases on multi-resolution analysis have exciting implications for detection of change-points. By checking the absolute value of wavelet coefficients one call detect discontinuities in ail otherwise smooth curve even in the presence of additive noise. In this paper, we combine wavelet methods and extreme value theory to test the presence of ail arbitrary number of discontinu
Experiments were done in order to study the thermophilic archaebacterium Acidianus brierleyi during oxidation of pyrite (FeS2). The microorganisms were grown both separated from the pyrite by a membrane and in close contact with the pyrite. From the results it can be concluded that direct contact is needed for good growth of the strain studied. The obtained results indicated that the direct contac
[1] Isoprene is the dominant volatile organic compound produced by the terrestrial biosphere and fundamental for atmospheric composition and climate. It constrains the concentration of tropospheric oxidants, affecting the lifetime of other reduced species such as methane and contributing to ozone production. Oxidation products of isoprene contribute to aerosol growth. Recent consensus holds that e
The effects on eating quality and meat quality of two different forms of post-slaughter treatment, performed in an abattoir, were studied in carriers and non-carriers of the RN− allele. Carcasses were subjected to rapid and slow chilling, and pelvic and Achilles suspension in a factorial experimental design. A temperature of 10 °C was achieved in the centre of M. longissimus dorsi (LD) within 3.5
This study was undertaken to establish the most reliable breaker depth index formula that will yield satisfactory predictions for a wide range of hydraulic and beach conditions. The applicability of six existing formulas for computing the breaker depth index was examined with the use of a large amount of published laboratory data (524 cases collected from 22 sources). The behavior of these formula
Tio års erfarenheter av att anlägga gastrostomier på barn med hjälp av videoendoskop redovisas. I patientgruppen ingår 300 barn i åldern 3 månader till 18 år med neurologiska åkommor, metabola sjukdomar, medfödda hjärtmissbildningar och maligna sjukdomar. Operationen görs i intubationsnarkos med en videoassisterad anläggning av gastrostomi där en s k gastrostomiknapp placeras direkt i stomat och a
Since the temperature is not an additive function, the traditional thermodynamic point of view suggests that the volume integral of the temperature has no precise physical meaning. This observation conflicts with the customary analysis of non-isothermal catalytic reactors, heat pipes, driers, geothermal processes, etc., in which the volume averaged temperature plays a crucial role. In this paper w
The catalytic properties of the rotenone-sensitive NADH:ubiquinone reductase (Complex I) in bovine heart submitochondrial particles and in inside-out vesicles derived from Paracoccus denitrificans and Rhodobacter capsulatus were compared. The prokaryotic enzymes catalyze the NADH oxidase and NADH:quinone reductase reactions with similar kinetic parameters as those for the mammalian Complex I, exce
A fluorescence lidar measurement has been performed on the castle Övedskloster in Sweden. A mobile system from the Lund University was placed at ~40 m distance from the sandstone façade. The lidar system, which uses a frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser with a 355-nm pulsed beam, induces fluorescence in each target point. Areas were studied by using whisk-broom scans. The possibility of detecting biode
A new concept for the preparation of selective sorbents with high flow path properties is presented by embedding molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) into various macroporous gels (MGs). A MIP was first synthetized with 17β-estradiol (E2) as template for the selective adsorption of this endocrine disrupter. The composite macroporous gel/MIP (MG/MIP) monoliths were then prepared at subzero tempera
We applied a nonlinear fuzzy partial least squares (FPLS) algorithm for modeling a biological wastewater treatment plant. FPLS embeds the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy model into the regression framework of the partial least squares (PLS) method, in which FPLS utilizes a TSK fuzzy model for nonlinear characteristics of the PLS inner regression. Using this approach, the interpretability of the TSK
Storage of cholesteryl esters in the cytoplasm of macrophages is one of the earliest and most ubiquitous event observed in the development of arteriosclerosis. Macrophages have an enormous capacity to uptake and store cholesterol in the form of cytosolic cholesteryl ester droplets. These stores are mobilized by the action of a neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase (NCEH), producing free cholesterol
The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is an important component of a complex steering system for the modern car. In the latest generation of brake-by-wire systems, the performance requirements on the ABS have changed. The controllers have to be able to maintain a specified tire slip for each wheel during braking. This thesis proposes a design model and based on that a hybrid controller that regulates
Magnetotransport properties of GaMnAs single layers and InGaMnAs/ InGaAs superlattice structures were investigated at temperatures from 4 K to 300 K and magnetic fields up to 23 T to study the influence of carriers confinement through different structures. Both single layers and superlattice structures show paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition. In GaMnAs/InGaAs superlattice beside the Cu
BACKGROUND: Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is recognized as an important causative factor in the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC), the strength of this correlation has been difficult to confirm in low-prevalence areas. METHODS: Stored serum samples from 987 consecutive (1978-88) patients with chronic liver disease were tested with an enzyme-linked immunoso
