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Three-terminal ballistic junctions (TBJs) are fabricated from a high-mobility InP/In0.75Ga0.25As heterostructure by electron-beam lithography. The voltage output from the central branch is measured as a function of the voltages applied to the left and right branches of the TBJs. The measurements show that the TBJs possess an intrinsic nonlinearity. Based on this nonlinearity, a novel room-temperat
Bleach plant effluent is treated in the ultrafiltration plant at Stora Enso Nymblla pulp and paper mill. The plant is the largest of its kind in the world, with a total membrane area of 4800 m(2) (2900 m(2) on the softwood line and 1900 m(2) on the hardwood line) and a processing capacity of 400 m(3) bleach plant effluent per hour. The ultrafiltration plant has been in operation since 1995. The op
This is a prospective study of 100 consecutive stroke patients. Within 24 h after stroke onset they were asked specifically about swallowing complaints and subjected to a clinical examination including neurologic examination, Mini-Mental test, and Barthel score. Dysphagic patients were examined with the repetitive oral suction swallow test (the ROSS test) for quantitative evaluation of oral and ph
In 1980, Sweden was a highly regulated economy with several state monopolies and low levels of economic freedom. Less than twenty years later, liberal reforms turned Sweden into one of the world's most open economies with a remarkable increase in economic freedom. While there is resilience when it comes to high levels of taxes and expenditure shares of GDP, there has been a profound restructuring
Objective: To outline the best available method of measurement for detecting progression of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip especially in therapeutic trials. Method A Medline search of articles related to progression of hip CA was performed. A group of experts met over a 1.5-day session to review available literature and new research. Specific questions were addressed in order to reach a consensus
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between individual health beliefs and risk factors for coronary heart disease. DESIGN: Health beliefs indices, formed by factorial analysis of ratings of statements on health related matters in a questionnaire, were related to risk factors for coronary heart disease, assessed with physical examinations and self reports of medical history and habits. SETTING: An
Mucosal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) respond to pathogens, but remain inert to the indigenous flora, suggesting that the TLRs can receive pathogen-specific signals. For example, TLR4 signalling is activated in CD14-negative epithelial cells by P-fimbriated, uropathogenic Escherichia coli, but not by lipopolysaccharide. The fimbriae use glycosphingolipids as recognition receptors and there is release
This paper uses a census of Russian manufacturing firms to study the relationship between exports and productivity at the firm level. The period studied, 1996–2002, implies that the results are affected by the Russian financial crisis of 1998. Exporters are shown to be more productive and larger than non-exporters, seemingly an effect of more productive firms self-selecting into the export market,
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma. Mice with H. pylori infection develop severe gastritis and atrophic changes in their stomachs after 6 months. We followed H. pylori -infected animals for 13 months to find out whether dysplasia, carcinoma or lymphoma developed. Six-week-old C57BL/6 mice were infected
The hydrochloride salts of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its methyl ester (m-ALA), respectively, were dissolved in a lipid sponge phase comprising monoolein, propylene glycol and aqueous buffer at concentrations of approximately 0.25% and 16% w/w m-ALA. The iontophoretic and passive delivery of ALA and m-ALA from this formulation through porcine skin in vitro were measured and compared to formul
Objective: The precision of sound frequency discrimination in newborn infants in the 250-4000-Hz frequency range was determined using the neonatal electrophysiological mismatch response (MMR), the infant equivalent of adult mismatch negativity (MMN). Methods: The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in I 1 full-term sleeping newborn infants mostly in active sleep (67 % of the time). Pure tones
A follow-up study was performed to investigate the stability of IQ measures in a group of dyslexic teenagers and young adults. Earlier research had shown contradictory results. The 65 subjects, 12 years old on the average at first test, were retested after a mean interval of six and a half years. There was a significant relative decrease in verbal IQ (VIQ), which was interpreted as either an effec
In this study, two numerical methods are used to predict the load-bearing capacity of multiple steel-timber dowel joints loaded parallel to the grain. The aim was to show the possibility and the advantages of using numerical methods when designing multiple dowel-type joints.
The results showed a good correlation to experimental results taken from the literature and to traditional joint ca
The only published VC data from the Ordovician of China are from the Lower and Upper Ordovician, and only the latter records include a significant excursion, namely the Hirnantian excursion (HICE). Our recent chemostratigraphic work on the Upper Ordovician (Sandbian-Katian) Pagoda and Yanwashan formations at several localities oil the Yangtze Platform and Chiangnan (Jiangnan) slope belt has result
The macroscopic-microscopic method to calculate nuclear masses is extended into the high-spin regime in order to calculate the nuclear binding energy as a function of proton number, neutron number and angular momentum. We describe the method and exemplify it on recent experimental data.
A wide divergence has been detected in the telomeric sequences among budding yeast species. Despite their length and homogeneity differences, all these yeast telomeric sequences show a conserved core which closely matches the consensus RAP1-binding sequence. We demonstrate that the RAP1 protein binds this sequence core, without involving the diverged sequences outside the core. in Saccharomyces ca
OBJECTIVE: to explore Sudanese midwives' motives for and perceptions and experiences of re-infibulation after birth and to elucidate its context and determinants. DESIGN: triangulation of methods, using observational techniques and open-ended interviews. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: two government hospitals in Khartoum/Omdurman, Sudan, for the observations and in-depth interviews with 17 midwives. FI
