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The aim of this thesis is to explore how methods from survival and event history analysis, namely relative risk regression, can be used to estimate prior probabilities in criminal cases, based on the distance between the potential perpetrator’s residence and the crime scene as well as further characteristics of the potential perpetrator. The locations of potential perpetrators residences can be mo
Bacteria: Building the Future from Thin Air Imagine what would happen if you could make nylon and other things that are needed to create everything from clothes to plastic containers with the use of microorganisms. It may seem far-fetched, but it’s getting closer to becoming reality. All you would need to get started is to help a few species of very special bacteria get even better at something t
PUS7 role in cellular adaptation to metabolic stress When we hear the word metabolism, our minds often jump to calories and diets. Cellular metabolism however refers to all essential mechanisms that keep our body up and running. Unsurprisingly, complex networks navigate this sensitive system, with many pathways that allow adaptation to changing and stressful environments. If this delicate balance
Black carbon (BC), a major component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), has been implicated in adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). While PM2.5 has been associated with increased ASD risk, the specific role of BC remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess prenatal exposure to BC and risk for ASD development in a low exposure setting, using a large, hi
Temperature impacts on microbiological processes are crucial for soil biogeochemistry and ecosystem functioning, yet existing models either fail to capture microbial temperature dependences across the full biokinetic range or risk overparameterization. Here we present the “Dual-Kinetics Ratkowsky” model (Ratkowsky DK), which simultaneously describes temperature dependences of microbial growth and
Background: Monitoring of healthcare quality is typically focused on differences between group averages in relation to a desirable benchmark. However, we need to consider (i) the existence of interconnected socioeconomic axes of inequality like age, sex, income, and country of birth and (ii) individual heterogeneity around group averages. Additionally, (iii) we need clear criteria to quantify grou
PURPOSE: Techniques for endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke due to medium or distal vessel occlusions (MDVO) need to be improved, and first-line aspiration is emerging as a promising technique. The objective was to describe first-pass and final reperfusion rates with a triaxial direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) and a novel, quadriaxial technique (QUATTRO-ADAPT) using RE
I denna avhandling diskuterar vi två kraftfulla verktyg inom matematiken – SAGBI-baser och Gröbner-baser – samt deras samspel med invariantteori. Dessa baser används främst för att effektivt hantera system av polynom. För att illustrera deras tillämpningar inom invariantteori och närliggande områden presenterar vi olika algoritmer genom hela avhandlingen. Invariantteori är studiet av matematiska This thesis investigates the computation of SAGBI-Gröbner bases for ideals in invariant polynomial rings under non-modular permutation group actions. We extend Buchberger's Algorithm for ideals in polynomial rings to ideals in invariant polynomial rings. By introducing a suitable degree bound, we construct a partial invariant Gröbner basis for an ideal in an invariant ring, from which minimal
The room impulse response (RIR) is an important function describing how sound reflects and propagates in a room. The inverse problem of estimating the impulse response from source and measurement signals is often of interest in various audio applications, but can become ill-posed if there is not enough information. Using regularization, one can impose prior physicality assumptions to the estimator
An introductory analysis of complex conjugation operators and complex structures is presented. We show that complex structures can be constructed on a real vector space V if V is the direct sum of two isomorphic subspaces, and relate this to the existence of a well-defined conjugation operator. Additionally, it is shown that all complex structures on a vector space V are similar operators. Some ap
Variationskalkyl handlar om problemet att bestämma det minsta värdet av en funktion som har en funktion som input, nämligen en så kallad funktional. Det vill säga, man minimerar $f(x)$ där $x$ själv är en funktion. Funktionalen brukar vara i form av en integral och $x$ är ett element av ett funktionsrum, till exempel rummet av alla kontinuerliga funktioner. Först och främst kommer frågan om existeIn this Bachelor thesis we will provide a light treatment to the topic of optimality gaps and regularity for integral functionals. First we will establish the classical existence result by Tonelli, via the so calleddirect method. Proceedingly we discuss examples of gaps between the infima over different classes of functions. We start with the classical Lavrentiev phenomenon (gap between AC and Lip
We investigate the vanishing conditions for harmonic functions in planar domains. We first prove that if a complex-valued harmonic function $u$ in an open set $\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{C}$ vanishes at a point $a \in \Omega \cap \mathbb{R}$ and satisfies $(\partial+\bar{\partial})^k u(a)=0$ for all $k \geq 0$, then $u$ vanishes identically on the connected component of $\Omega \cap \mathbb{R}$ cont
In many fields of science, solving large sparse systems of linear equations is a critical task. Direct solvers often fall out favour due to their high computational costs and memory requirements. Iterative solvers alleviate this issue but run the risk of converging slower than satisfactory when the associated matrix is ill-conditioned and has poorly distributed eigenvalues. This work will focus on
Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det finns en relation mellan upplevelsen av destruktivt ledarskap från närmsta chef och upplevelsen av stress respektive utbrändhet hos anställda. Studien undersökte även om det finns en relation mellan aktivt respektive passivt destruktivt ledarskap och stress respektive utbrändhet. Slutligen syftade studien till att undersöka om det finns en relation mellaThe purpose of the study was to investigate whether there was a relationship between the experience of destructive leadership by the immediate manager and the experience of stress and burnout among employees. The study also investigated whether there was a relationship between active and passive destructive leadership and stress and burnout. Finally, the study aimed to investigate whether there wa
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) post-translational modifications (PTM), especially phosphorylation at serine 129 and C-terminal truncations, are highly enriched in Lewy bodies (LB), Lewy neurites, and other pathological aggregates in Parkinson’s disease and synucleinopathies. However, the precise role of these PTM in pathology formation, neurodegeneration, and pathology spreading remains unclear. Here, we
Dust storms are meteorological phenomena that occur in arid and semi-arid regions, causing harm to the environment and human health. The frequency and intensity of dust storms have increased in recent years due to climate change and human activities. In response, various dust storm mitigation strategies were introduced, including land use management, afforestation, and mulching. The existing resea
