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Background: Untargeted metabolomic analysis provides novel insights into the relationship between sodium intake and cardiometabolic risk. This study examined cross-sectional associations between estimated sodium intake and plasma metabolite profiles in a large Swedish cohort. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was conducted in the in the SCAPIS cohort (mean age 50–64 years, n = 8,957). Sodium
Traditional methods for microbial water quality testing take up to two days to produce results, putting humans in contact with this water risk during this period. Flow cytometry, including with online capacity, is a fast and efficient way to profile microbes in water. In this study, Escherichia coli concentrations determined by Colilert18 and flow cytometry profiles from the same water samples wer
Background: Celiac disease is associated with HLA-risk haplotypes, but non-HLA genes and environmental factors are also linked to disease susceptibility. In this study, we explore the molecular pathways involved in celiac disease by analyzing the differential expression of genes in both the gut and peripheral blood across various celiac disease phenotypes. Methods: Whole genome RNA sequencing was
Purpose of Review: This review synthesizes current knowledge of the aggregation pheromones of Ips bark beetles specialized on coniferous hosts. The pest potential of these insects is increasing globally due to climate change and anthropogenic disturbances. The high aggressiveness of some species results from coordinated mass attacks on trees, mediated by male-produced aggregation pheromones. Bring
Background: The European Union (EU) AI Act (AIA) aims to facilitate trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, especially for safety-critical use cases. Compliance with this new regulation entails a multitude of legal, technical, and organizational challenges for the providers of affected systems.Objective: This regulatory compliance engineering research aims for an empirical exploration an
Telomerase plays an important role in sustaining eukaryotic linear chromosomes, as elongation of telomeres is needed to counterbalance the shortening occurring in each replication round. Nevertheless, in telomerase-deficient cells, Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathways can maintain telomeres by employing recombination-based mechanisms. In the budding yeast Naumovozyma castellii, effe
A patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN2A) and a suspicion of metastasized pheochromocytoma, underwent multi-molecular positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the recently presented radiopharmaceutical [18F]-metafluorobenzylguanidine (mFBG), [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC and [18F]F-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) as well as scintigraphy with [123I]-metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG). The methods
The aim of this thesis is to explore how methods from survival and event history analysis, namely relative risk regression, can be used to estimate prior probabilities in criminal cases, based on the distance between the potential perpetrator’s residence and the crime scene as well as further characteristics of the potential perpetrator. The locations of potential perpetrators residences can be mo
Bacteria: Building the Future from Thin Air Imagine what would happen if you could make nylon and other things that are needed to create everything from clothes to plastic containers with the use of microorganisms. It may seem far-fetched, but it’s getting closer to becoming reality. All you would need to get started is to help a few species of very special bacteria get even better at something t
PUS7 role in cellular adaptation to metabolic stress When we hear the word metabolism, our minds often jump to calories and diets. Cellular metabolism however refers to all essential mechanisms that keep our body up and running. Unsurprisingly, complex networks navigate this sensitive system, with many pathways that allow adaptation to changing and stressful environments. If this delicate balance
Black carbon (BC), a major component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), has been implicated in adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). While PM2.5 has been associated with increased ASD risk, the specific role of BC remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess prenatal exposure to BC and risk for ASD development in a low exposure setting, using a large, hi
Temperature impacts on microbiological processes are crucial for soil biogeochemistry and ecosystem functioning, yet existing models either fail to capture microbial temperature dependences across the full biokinetic range or risk overparameterization. Here we present the “Dual-Kinetics Ratkowsky” model (Ratkowsky DK), which simultaneously describes temperature dependences of microbial growth and
Background: Monitoring of healthcare quality is typically focused on differences between group averages in relation to a desirable benchmark. However, we need to consider (i) the existence of interconnected socioeconomic axes of inequality like age, sex, income, and country of birth and (ii) individual heterogeneity around group averages. Additionally, (iii) we need clear criteria to quantify grou
PURPOSE: Techniques for endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke due to medium or distal vessel occlusions (MDVO) need to be improved, and first-line aspiration is emerging as a promising technique. The objective was to describe first-pass and final reperfusion rates with a triaxial direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) and a novel, quadriaxial technique (QUATTRO-ADAPT) using RE
I denna avhandling diskuterar vi två kraftfulla verktyg inom matematiken – SAGBI-baser och Gröbner-baser – samt deras samspel med invariantteori. Dessa baser används främst för att effektivt hantera system av polynom. För att illustrera deras tillämpningar inom invariantteori och närliggande områden presenterar vi olika algoritmer genom hela avhandlingen. Invariantteori är studiet av matematiska This thesis investigates the computation of SAGBI-Gröbner bases for ideals in invariant polynomial rings under non-modular permutation group actions. We extend Buchberger's Algorithm for ideals in polynomial rings to ideals in invariant polynomial rings. By introducing a suitable degree bound, we construct a partial invariant Gröbner basis for an ideal in an invariant ring, from which minimal
The room impulse response (RIR) is an important function describing how sound reflects and propagates in a room. The inverse problem of estimating the impulse response from source and measurement signals is often of interest in various audio applications, but can become ill-posed if there is not enough information. Using regularization, one can impose prior physicality assumptions to the estimator
An introductory analysis of complex conjugation operators and complex structures is presented. We show that complex structures can be constructed on a real vector space V if V is the direct sum of two isomorphic subspaces, and relate this to the existence of a well-defined conjugation operator. Additionally, it is shown that all complex structures on a vector space V are similar operators. Some ap
Variationskalkyl handlar om problemet att bestämma det minsta värdet av en funktion som har en funktion som input, nämligen en så kallad funktional. Det vill säga, man minimerar $f(x)$ där $x$ själv är en funktion. Funktionalen brukar vara i form av en integral och $x$ är ett element av ett funktionsrum, till exempel rummet av alla kontinuerliga funktioner. Först och främst kommer frågan om existeIn this Bachelor thesis we will provide a light treatment to the topic of optimality gaps and regularity for integral functionals. First we will establish the classical existence result by Tonelli, via the so calleddirect method. Proceedingly we discuss examples of gaps between the infima over different classes of functions. We start with the classical Lavrentiev phenomenon (gap between AC and Lip
We investigate the vanishing conditions for harmonic functions in planar domains. We first prove that if a complex-valued harmonic function $u$ in an open set $\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{C}$ vanishes at a point $a \in \Omega \cap \mathbb{R}$ and satisfies $(\partial+\bar{\partial})^k u(a)=0$ for all $k \geq 0$, then $u$ vanishes identically on the connected component of $\Omega \cap \mathbb{R}$ cont
