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Controlled-pH Tissue Cleanup Protocol for Signal Enhancement of Small Molecule Drugs Analyzed by MALDI-MS Imaging

The limit of detection of low-molecular weight compounds in tissue sections, analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), was significantly improved by employing sample washing using a pH-controlled buffer solution. The pH of the washing solutions were set at values whereby the target analytes would have low solubility. Washing the tissue sections

Presence of peripheral arthritis and male sex predicting continuation of anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy in ankylosing spondylitis: An observational prospective cohort study from the South Swedish arthritis treatment group register

Objective: To examine clinical characteristics as possible predictors of long-term treatment continuation with adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients who had never taken biologics treated in clinical practice. Methods: Patients in southern Sweden with active AS starting biologic therapy for the first time between October 1999 and December 2008 (n = 243, 75%

Wild-type distributions of seven oral second-line drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

OBJECTIVES: To determine wild-type minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distributions for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as the background data for defining susceptibility breakpoints are limited. METHODS: We determined wild-type MIC distributions of M. tuberculosis using a 96-stick replicator in Middlebrook 7H10 (7H10) medium for ethionamide (ETH), prothionamide, thiacetazone, cycloserine, rifabut

The association between physical dependency and the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms, with the admission of people with dementia to a long-term care institution: A prospective observational cohort study.

Dementia is a progressive neurological disorder that causes a high degree of dependency. This dependency has been defined as an increased need for assistance due to deterioration in cognition and physical functioning, and changes in behavior. Highly dependent people with dementia are more likely to be institutionalized.

Inclusive cross section and single transverse spin asymmetry for very forward neutron production in polarized p plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV

The energy dependence of the single-transverse-spin asymmetry, A(N), and the cross section for neutron production at very forward angles were measured in the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider for polarized p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV. The neutrons were observed in forward detectors covering an angular range of up to 2.2 mrad. We report results for neutrons with a mo

Shared and Nonshared Familial Susceptibility to Surgically Treated Inguinal Hernia, Femoral Hernia, Incisional Hernia, Epigastric Hernia, and Umbilical Hernia.

The familial risk of abdominal wall hernia (AWH) is largely unknown. In addition, it is unknown whether inguinal hernia (IH), femoral hernia (FH), incisional hernia (INH), epigastric hernia (EH), and umbilical hernia (UH) share familial susceptibility. The aim of this nationwide study was to determine the familial risks of concordant AWH (same disease in proband and exposed relative) and discordan

Magnetic properties of MnSb inclusions formed in GaSb matrix directly during molecular beam epitaxial growth

Despite of intensive search for the proper semiconductor base materials for spintronic devices working at room temperature no appropriate material based on ferromagnetic semiconductors has been found so far. We demonstrate that the phase segregated system with MnSb hexagonal inclusions inside the GaSb matrix, formed directly during the molecular beam epitaxial growth reveals the ferromagnetic prop

The carbon budget of the northern cryosphere region

The northern cryosphere is undergoing substantial warming of permafrost and loss of sea ice. Release of stored carbon to the atmosphere in response to this change has the potential to affect the global climate system. Studies indicate that the northern cryosphere has been not only a substantial sink for atmospheric CO2 in recent decades, but also an important source of CH4 because of emissions fro

Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Under Dry and Humid Conditions in Flat-Tube Heat Exchangers With Plain Fins

Flat-tube heat exchangers could be an interesting alternative to make indirect cooling of display cabinets more energy-efficient. This application involves low air velocities in combination with condensation of water vapor on the air side, so plain fins could be suitable. Two different heat exchangers having flat tubes and plain fins on the air side were evaluated experimentally. One of the heat e

Drivers for global agricultural land use change: The nexus of diet, population, yield and bioenergy

The nexus of population growth and changing diets has increased the demands placed on agriculture to supply food for human consumption, animal feed and fuel. Rising incomes lead to dietary changes, from staple crops, towards commodities with greater land requirements, e.g. meat and dairy products. Despite yield improvements partially offsetting increases in demand, agricultural land has still been

The Interdependence between Rainfall and Temperature: Copula Analyses

Rainfall and temperature are important climatic inputs for agricultural production, especially in the context of climate change. However, accurate analysis and simulation of the joint distribution of rainfall and temperature are difficult due to possible interdependence between them. As one possible approach to this problem, five families of copula models are employed to model the interdependence

Evaluating the Machinability of Inconel 718 Using Polar Diagrams

Abstract in UndeterminedThe use of a polar diagram method for describing and evaluating the machinability ofInconel 718 was explored. Five key parameters of the work material, representing themechanical and physical properties, which have the strongest influence on its machinability,were employed in the diagrams. These five parameters were integrated into asingle polar diagram, used to describe th

The Employment Contract Revisited.

This article considers recent legal developments on undocumented migrant workers, finds the acceptance of international legal standards unsatisfactory and argues that the private law rights derived from the "semi-legal" employment contract between the employer and the undocumented migrant worker generates a solid base for significant legal claims. It further monitors the promotion of the position

How do variations in the temporal distribution of rainfall events affect ecosystem fluxes in seasonally water-limited Northern Hemisphere shrublands and forests?

Rainfall regimes became more extreme over the course of the 20th century, characterised by fewer and larger rainfall events. Such changes are expected to continue throughout the current century. The effect of changes in the temporal distribution of rainfall on ecosystem carbon fluxes is poorly understood, with most available information coming from experimental studies of grassland ecosystems. Her