Background: Denmark and Sweden are considered to be countries of rather similar socio-political type, but public health policies and smoking habits differ considerably between the two neighbours. A study comparing mechanisms behind socioeconomic inequalities in tobacco smoking, could yield information regarding the impact of health policy and -promotion in the two countries. Methods: Cross-section

Many countries have established disaster risk management systems. These systems involve various parties and aim to maximize resources and use their diverse expertise to manage disaster risks. In such systems, sharing risk and vulnerability assessments (RVAs) between stakeholders is the most common way to communicate risk-related information. This study investigates communication challenges linked

Array-based genotyping platforms have during recent years been established as a valuable tool for the characterization of genomic alterations in cancer. The analysis of tumor samples, however, presents challenges for data analysis and interpretation. For example, tumor samples are often admixed with nonaberrant cells that define the tumor microenvironment, such as infiltrating lymphocytes and fibr

OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this study was to estimate the risks of nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations (LEAS) in patients With type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We identified 31,354 patients with type 1 diabetes (15,001 women and 16,353 men) in the Swedish Inpatient Register between 1975 and 2004. The incidence of nontraumatic LEAs was followed up until 31 December 2004 by cross-

Glycerol and urea are examples of small, water-soluble molecules with low vapor pressure that can protect lipid membranes upon dehydration. Both are a part of the Natural Moisturizing Factor in human skin, and are also present in other organisms, where they prevent drying due to osmotic stress. This study was conducted in order to understand the mechanism of such protection. We have selected two t

The rate coefficients for the chemical reactions (species loss rates, quenching excluded) of the refrigerants CH2F2 (HFC-32), CHClF2 (HFC-22) and CH2FCF3 (HFC-134a), and the solvent CH3CCl3 with O(D-1) are determined relative to CH4 + O(D-1) at 298 K. The resulting rates k(CH2F2 + O(D-1)) = (4.78 +/- 1.03) x 10 (11) cm(3) molecule (1) s (1), k(CHClF2 + O(D-1)) = (8.69 +/- 1.72) x 10 (11) cm(3) mol

A common observation in recordings of neuronal activity from the cerebral cortex is that populations of neurons show patterns of synchronized oscillatory activity. However, it has been suggested that neuronal synchronization can, in certain pathological conditions, become excessive and possibly have a pathogenic role. In particular, aberrant oscillatory activation patterns have been implicated in

Handlingsutrymmet för kyrkans sociala engagemang har sett olika ut i olika tider, för att de senare decennierna öka i takt med att legala restriktioner minskat eller försvunnit. Relationen till staten har varit en styrande faktor för detta. I en omvärld alltmer präglad av marknadsvillkor och välfärdspluralism ställs nya krav. Ett sådant är att församlingar tydligare behöver artikulera vad de vill

This study investigates the internationalization of corporate boards, using a sample of 346 non-financial listed Nordic firms during 2001–2008. Given a high level of international activity, these firms have surprisingly few foreign directors. The picture of international expertise changes considerably, however, if we also count the international experience of national directors. The percentage of

By breeding TRAMP mice with S100A9 knock-out (S100A9(-/-)) animals and scoring the appearance of palpable tumors we observed a delayed tumor growth in animals devoid of S100A9 expression. CD11b(+) S100A9 expressing cells were not observed in normal prostate tissue from control C57BL/6 mice but were readily detected in TRAMP prostate tumors. Also, S100A9 expression was observed in association with

Osteopetrosis caused by defective acid secretion by the osteoclast, is characterized by defective bone resorption, increased osteoclast numbers, while bone formation is normal or increased. In contrast the bones are of poor quality, despite this uncoupling of formation from resorption. To shed light on the effect of uncoupling in adult mice with respect to bone strength, we transplanted irradiated

Pickering emulsions are emulsions that are stabilized by fine particles. They have been the focus of considerable research in the past decade due to their properties such as high stability with respect to coalescence and Ostwald ripening, as well as due to advances in nanotechnology that allows us to create and characterize nano-scale structures in new ways. This work reviews some of the recent wo

Materials that are stored or used in damp climates may be subject to mould growth. However, all materials are not equally susceptible to mould growth. For each specific material, there is a critical moisture level. If this is exceeded, there is a risk that mould fungi will develop on the material. In a building, different constructions are exposed to different climatic conditions. To minimise the

This paper is concerned with model fitting in the presence of noise and outliers. Previously it has been shown that the number of outliers can be minimized with polynomial complexity in the number of measurements. This paper improves on these results in two ways. First, it is shown that for a large class of problems, the statistically more desirable truncated L-2-norm can be optimized with the sam

Levels of total human kallikrein 2 (hK2), a protein involved the pathology of prostate cancer (PCa), could be used as a biomarker to aid in the diagnosis of this disease. In this study, we report on a porous silicon antibody immunoassay platform for the detection of serum levels of total hK2. The surface of porous silicon has a 3-dimensional macro- and nanoporous structure, which offers a large bi

Charred seed conglomerates of Linum usitatissimum (flax) and Camelina sativa (gold of pleasure) were found at UppAyenkra 2:25, a Roman Iron Age site in SkAyenne, southern Sweden. The conglomerates showed no mixing with each other, as they were almost pure flax and gold of pleasure respectively. Together with other archaeobotanical data from the site, they provide new evidence on the use, processin