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Smoking is a risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but there are no good indicators for early identification of subjects who will develop symptomatic COPD. The aim of this study was to investigate inflammatory mechanisms related to changes in lung function and emphysematous changes on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in 'healthy' smokers. Subjects were

The need to estimate indoor temperatures, heating or cooling load and energy requirements for buildings arises in many stages of a buildings life cycle, e.g. at the early layout stage, during the design of a building and for energy retrofitting planning. Other purposes are to meat the authorities requirements given in building codes. All these situations require good calculation methods. The main

In a Swedish brass band a program for change was pursued which aimed to improve the artistic level of playing of the ensemble without replacing less competent members. At the time for the study the band comprised 34 members, four of whom were female. The research question was: How does community and group coherence interact with the goal to improve the musical standard in an amateur brass band? T

The adsorption of CO and the reaction of CO with pre-adsorbed oxygen at room temperature has been studied on the (2 x 1)O-Rh(1 1 1) surface and on vanadium oxide-Rh(1 1 1) "inverse model catalyst" surfaces using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and core-level photoemission with synchrotron radiation. Two types of structurally well-defined model catalyst V3O9-Rh(1 1 1) surfaces have been prepar

Recension av Olli Vehviläinen & Attila Pók (eds), Hungary and Finland in the 20th Century.

PURPOSE: To elucidate the role of leucine-rich proteoglycans lumican and fibromodulin in the sclera. METHODS: Lumican- and fibromodulin-null heterozygous mice were intercrossed to obtain wild-type (Lum(+/+)Fmod(+/+)), lumican-null (Lum(-/-)Fmod(+/+)), fibromodulin-null (Lum(+/+)Fmod(-/-)), and double-null (Lum(-/-)Fmod(-/-)) littermates. Axial length was measured on enucleated whole eyes, and ocul

A biogeochemical model of vegetation using observed climate data predicts the high northern latitude greening trend over the past two decades observed by satellites and a marked setback in this trend after the Mount Pinatubo, volcano eruption in 1991. The observed trend toward earlier spring budburst and increased maximum leaf area is produced by the model as a consequence of biogeochemical vegeta

OBJECT: Immortalized neural progenitor cells derived from embryonic rat hippocampus (HiB5), were transduced ex vivo with the gene for mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) to secrete NGF (NGF-HiB5) at 2 ng/hr/10(5) cells in culture. METHODS: Fifty-nine male Wistar rats weighing 300 to 370 g each were anesthetized with 60 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital and subjected to lateral fluid-percussion brain injury o

Simultaneous saccharification of starch from whole-wheat flour and fermentation to lactic acid (SSF) was investigated. For saccharification the commercial enzyme mixture SAN Super 240 L, having alpha-amylase, amyloglucosidase and protease activity, was used, and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ATCC 19435 was used for the fermentation. SSF was studied at flour concentrations corresponding to starch

Interpersonal relationships are important factors in mental health. A genetically sensitive design was used to examine associations among marital quality, adequacy of social support, and 2 aspects of positive mental health in a sample of 652 Swedish twin women and their families. There were 3 main findings. First, the covariance between relationships and positive mental health was partially accoun

Methylation of the cytosine bases in CpG dinucleotides of DNA is important in many cellular functions including gene regulation, chromosome inactivation, as well as in cancer and other diseases. In this report we investigate the structural effects of methylation of cytosines in CpG sites. Hereditary diseases are frequently caused by mutations in CpG dinucleotides. Aqueous solution molecular dynami