The deposition of dust on snow accelerates melt by perturbing snow albedo, directly by darkening the snow surface and indirectly by enhancing snow grain growth. The snow darkening process impacts hydrology by shifting runoff timing and magnitude. Dust on snow deposition has been documented in the Wasatch Mountains, snowmelt from which accounts for up to 80% of surface water supply for Salt Lake C

Feedbacks between climate warming, land surface aridity, and wildfire-derived aerosols represent a large source of uncertainty in future climate predictions. Here, long-term observations of aerosol optical depth, surface level aerosol loading, fire-area burned, and hydrologic simulations are used to show that regional-scale increases in aridity and resulting wildfires have significantly increased

Thirteen years of measurements of ultrafine (3-10 nm diameter) aerosols are presented from a remote high elevation (3210 m a.s.l.) site in Colorado, Storm Peak Laboratory. Previous work has shown that frequent new particle formation (NPF) occurs regularly at the site (52% of days). This long-term climatology of ultrafine aerosols clearly shows a seasonal dependence on new particle formation at Sto

Visible Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (vis-MFRSR) data were collected at Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL), a mountain-top facility in northwest Colorado, from 1999 to 2011 and in 2013. From 2011 to 2014, in situ measurements of aerosol light scattering were also obtained. Using these data sets together, the seasonal impact of dust and biomass burning is considered for the western USA. Anal

Hereditary cancer that has monogenic inheritance affects every tenth patient, on average, who is diagnosed with cancer, and it has been suggested, based on twin studies, that approximately 30% of all cancer patients have a genetic predisposition to developing cancer. In this article, the author posited that familial syndromes become more organ specific with increasing age at tumor presentation to

In order to improve the resilience of the MAX IV 3 GeV ring's beam to a horizontal dipole kick while at the design tunes (42.20, 16.28) the optimisation algorithm RCDS (Robust Conjugate Direction Search) was deployed. The algorithm was able to increase the horizontal acceptance by finding new settings for the sextupole and octupole magnets, whilst leaving the vertical acceptance virtually unchangeIn order to improve the resilience of the MAX IV 3 GeVring’s beam to a horizontal dipole kick while at the designtunes (42.20, 16.28) the optimisation algorithm RCDS (Robust Conjugate Direction Search) was deployed. The algorithm was able to increase the horizontal acceptance byfinding new settings for the sextupole and octupole magnets,whilst leaving the vertical acceptance virtually unchanged.Ad

We investigate the backscattering of low-power millimeter-wave pulses (wavelets) on the human hand in order to determine the detection limit of scattering features. Using an in-house wavelet radar setup with a nominal spatial resolution of 2.29 cm, we measure a hand in three different postures: a flat hand, a fist, and a hand with raised index finger. For the latter, we are able to resolve backsca

Background: Chronic prurigo (CPG) is a distinct disease characterized by chronic pruritus, history and/or signs of prolonged scratching and multiple pruriginous lesions. It may present with various clinical manifestations, including papules, nodules, plaques or umbilicated lesions. Some patients with chronic pruritus show pruriginous linear and scaring scratch lesions (LSSL) and it is unclear whet

Hox genes are a remarkable example of conservation in animal development and their nested expression along the head-to-tail axis orchestrates embryonic patterning. Early in vertebrate history, two duplications led to the emergence of four Hox clusters (A-D) and redundancy within paralog groups has been partially accommodated with gene losses. Here we conduct an inventory of squamate Hox genes usin

Objective- The Wnt/β-catenin pathway orchestrates development of the blood-brain barrier, but the downstream mechanisms involved at different developmental windows and in different central nervous system (CNS) tissues have remained elusive. Approach and Results- Here, we create a new mouse model allowing spatiotemporal investigations of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by induced overexpression of Axin1, a

The incidence of stroke and dementia are diverging across the world, rising for those in low- and middle-income countries and falling in those in high-income countries. This suggests that whatever factors cause these trends are potentially modifiable. At the population level, neurological disorders as a group account for the largest proportion of disability-adjusted life years globally (10%). Amon

The AIRE gene plays a key role in the development of central immune tolerance by promoting thymic presentation of tissue-specific molecules. Patients with AIRE-deficiency develop multiple autoimmune manifestations and display autoantibodies against the affected tissues. In 2016 it was reported that: i) the spectrum of autoantibodies in patients with AIRE-deficiency is much broader than previously