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With regards to research animal models related to immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), there is an extensive literature of over 300 publications published since 1959. It appears that many of these models either confirm what has been found in human ITP or, in some instances, are the first to describe a phenomenon related to ITP that is still of relevance today in human medicine. These models will undoubt
While much has been learned about the basic immunology and clinical characteristics of immune thrombocytopenia, many important questions remain with regard to pathogenesis, disease progression, identification of novel therapeutic targets and approaches, and clinical trials that rationalize and optimize use of existing therapies. The answers to these questions are likely to impact our understanding
Although platelets are best known as primary mediators of hemostasis, this function intimately associates them with inflammatory processes, and it has been increasingly recognized that platelets play an active role in both innate and adaptive immunity. For example, platelet adhesive interactions with leukocytes and endothelial cells via P-selectin can lead to several pro-inflammatory events, inclu
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a bleeding disorder characterized by antibody-opsonized platelets being prematurely destroyed in the spleen, although some patients with ITP may have a cell-mediated form of thrombocytopenia. Although several animal models of ITP have been developed, few mimic primary chronic ITP nor have any shown cell-mediated platelet destruction. To create this type of model, s
In the last 20 years, many publications have shed new light on the complex immunopathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura. They are associated with 3 interrelated areas of environmental autoimmunity, for example, infectious influences, antigen-presenting cell (APC) function, and T-cell abnormalities, particularly tolerance induction. This article highlights the recent literature and argues
An understanding of how helper T cells are activated to drive blood group immune responses will help to explain the immunogenicity of antigens such as HPA-1a. In this issue of Blood, Anani Sarab and colleagues identify the naturally processed HPA1a peptides recognized by T cells and set the stage for peptide-based therapies in NAIT.(1).
BACKGROUND: Transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) has been correlated with the presence of white cells (WBCs) in blood transfusions, but the role of components such as platelets (PLTs) in mediating TRIM has not been extensively examined. We designed a murine PLT transfusion model to study whether leukoreduced PLTs mediate TRIM effects.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: CBA recipient mice were adminis
PURPOSE: Autologous platelet gels can be prepared using the patient's own platelet-rich plasma and thrombin produced by the Thrombin Processing Device (Thermogenesis Corp, Rancho Cordova, CA). As the Thrombin Processing Device thrombin contains a residual amount of ethanol, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the Thrombin Processing Device thrombin on growth factor release f
We perform fully bipolar Monte Carlo simulations of electrons and holes in III-Nitride multi-quantum well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to investigate the effects of hot carriers. Our results show how accounting for hot carriers affects the current-voltage characteristics and device efficiency. We also discuss the effects of bandstructure details on the simulation results. Further simulations with
Diffusion-driven current transport (DDCT) has recently been proposed as a new way to organize the current injection in nanoscale optoelectronic devices. The very recent first proof-of-principle experiments have also shown that DDCT works as predicted theoretically. In this work we perform simulations on DDCT-based III-Nitride devices and demonstrate how the optimization of DDCT differs significant
In this paper a multichannel subspace detector is proposed based on a separable spatio-temporal linear model. The generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for this model is derived for the case of coloured Gaussian noise and known temporal and covariance matrices. Simulation results support the theory and illustrate the benefits of the spatio-temporal detector versus channel-by-channel detectors f
Negotiation can be seen as a dynamic social process. Perspectives emphasizing the social context and dynamics of negotiations have been largely neglected in the negotiation literature. This article addresses the question of why social relations have received such scant attention, reviews the existing literature on negotiation as a social process, and spells out some ingredients of a social context
Industrial robotics is a complex domain, not easily amenable to formalization using semantic technologies. It involves such disparate aspects of the real world as geometry, dynamics, constraint-satisfaction, planning and scheduling, real-time control, robot-robot and human-robot communication and, finally, intentions of the robot user. To represent so different kinds of knowledge is a challenge an
The aim for this article is to outline a typology of iconicity in verse, ranging from Form miming form to Meaning miming form/meaning. Verse here means the occurrence of rhythmical devices, such as meter, and the division into lines and stanzas. As a starting point, the different possible appearances of 'representamens' in mainly twentieth-century poetry will be discussed, following Elleström's (2
A sub-area of business analytics increasingly growing in prominence is social media analytics (SMA), which is not surprising given the large volume of data and content generated daily in social media. Despite the growing interest, given the vastness of the area, there is little understanding of the topics and issues with respect to SMA that should be investigated by IS researchers. In an effort to
We present an overview of the options for diffraction implemented in the general-purpose event generator PYTHIA8. We review the existing model for low- and high-mass soft diffraction and present a new model for hard diffraction in pp and pp¯ collisions. Both models use the Pomeron approach pioneered by Ingelman and Schlein, factorising the single diffractive cross section into a Pomeron flux and a
