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High variability in tuberculosis treatment outcomes across 15 health facilities in a semi-urban area in central Ethiopia

Background: Despite reported tuberculosis (TB) treatment success rate of 86%, TB remains a leading cause of death in Ethiopia. We investigated patient and provider-specific factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes in Ethiopian health facilities providing TB care. Methods: Data on characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients registered for TB treatment at 15 public health facili

Midbrain area and the hummingbird sign from brain MRI in progressive supranuclear palsy and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The main radiological finding in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is reduced midbrain volume. Both qualitative (e.g., hummingbird sign) and quantitative (e.g., area measurements) markers have been noted. Recent studies have shown a similar reduction also in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The purpose was to investigate the reliability and accuracy of th

Olfactory disorders and consequences

Generally, three functions are assigned to the sense of smell, namely warning of potential danger, social communication, and importance for eating and drinking. These functions are also reflected in some of the complaints of patients with smell disorders: occurrence of household accidents, inability to smell other people like family members, loss of flavor perception. Still, approximately 5% of th

Large-scale randomized prostate cancer screening trials : Program performances in the european randomized screening for prostate cancer trial and the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovary cancer trial

Two large-scale randomized screening trials, the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovary (PLCO) cancer trial in the USA and the European Randomized Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) trial in Europe are currently under way, aimed at assessing whether screening reduces prostate cancer mortality. Up to the end of 1998, 102,691 men have been randomized to the intervention arm and 115,322 to the contr

Prostate Specific Antigen and Prostate Cancer in Chinese Men Undergoing Initial Prostate Biopsies Compared with Western Cohorts

Purpose We determined the characteristics of Chinese men undergoing initial prostate biopsy and evaluated the relationship between prostate specific antigen levels and prostate cancer/high grade prostate cancer detection in a large Chinese multicenter cohort. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 13,904 urology outpatients who had undergone biopsy for the indications of prostate

PSA quantification of 80 plasma samples from the clinical routine using antibody microarrays

Antibody microarrays are becoming increasingly established in clinical studies. However, the arrays are seldom used in a quantitative approach but rather for detecting up or down regulated proteins. In this study we describe a microarray procedure being standardized by placing the in-house developed porous silicon surfaces into a commercially available 96 well microtiter plate for analyzing the PS

Målkonflikter och planeringsproblem : Några perspektiv från elområdet

Den klimatdrivna energiomställningen kommer att ställa omfattande krav på elsystemet. Ny förnybar produktionskapacitet och ny överföringskapacitet måste byggas i ett mycket snabbt tempo. Detta kommer att skapa utmaningar av två olika slag: i) att planera och bygga sådan kapacitet tar lång tid där det kan ta 10 år från idé till utbyggnad, ii) skalan i utbyggnaden kommer innebära ökad risk för konfl

Last minute change to mobility. Exploring Malmö’s visions towards more sustainable mobility by implementing mobility hubs as a niche innovation.

Liksom många andra städer som är dominerade av bilar är Malmö pressat att skapa en radikal förändring mot en mer hållbar, yteffektiv och socialt rättvis rörlighet. I den här artikeln används ramverket Multiple-Level Perspective (MLP) för att analysera mobilitetsdilemmat på tre nivåer: den dominerande anledningen till förändring, förhållningssättet till förändringen och en möjlig lösning i form av Like many car-dominated cities, Malmö is pressured to enable a radical shift towards more sustainable, space-efficient, and socially just mobility. This paper uses the Multiple-Level Perspective (MLP) framework to analyze the mobility dilemma on three levels: the dominant cause for change, the approach towards it, and the possible solution in the form of mobility hubs as a niche innovation. Semi-s

Deep learning of nonlinear development of unstable flame fronts

The purpose of this study is to investigate Machine Learning methods and their ability to learn the development of nonlinear unstable flame fronts due to diffusive-thermal instabilities. This task is performed by first numerically computing long time-sequences of solutions to the chaotic partial differential equation named Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation which models such instabilities in a flame fr

Cs3Cu4In2Cl13 Nanocrystals : A Perovskite-Related Structure with Inorganic Clusters at A Sites

An effort to synthesize the Cu(I) variant of a lead-free double perovskite isostructural with Cs2AgInCl6 resulted in the formation of Cs3Cu4In2Cl13 nanocrystals with an unusual structure, as revealed by single-nanocrystal three-dimensional electron diffraction. These nanocrystals adopt a A2BX6 structure (K2PtCl6 type, termed vacancy ordered perovskite) with tetrahedrally coordinated Cu(I) ions. In

Purification of Oleylamine for Materials Synthesis and Spectroscopic Diagnostics for trans Isomers

Oleylamine is widely used in nanomaterial and metal-halide perovskite synthesis. Impurities in commercially available oleylamine reagents are identified, purification procedures are explained, beneficial effects on lead chloride/oleylamine mixtures are documented, and impacts on materials synthesis are discussed. Suspensions of 0.12 mole fraction PbCl2 , PbBr2 , and PbI2 in purified, dried, and f

Investigation into the Photoluminescence Red Shift in Cesium Lead Bromide Nanocrystal Superlattices

The formation of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3 ) nanocrystal superlattices (NC SLs) is accompanied by a red shift in the NC photoluminescence (PL). The values of the PL red shift reported in the literature range from none to 100 meV without unifying explanation of the differences. Using a combination of confocal PL microcopy and steady-state optical spectroscopies we found that an overall PL red s

Impact of human foraging on tree diversity, composition, and abundance in a tropical rainforest

Tropical forest tree communities are structured by a range of large-scale drivers including elevation, certain high-impact anthropogenic activities (e.g., deforestation), and fires. However, low-impact human activities such as foraging may also be subtly but notably altering the composition of tropical forest tree communities. The study assessed the (i) differences in species diversity, patterns o

Aortic size predicts aortic dissection in Turner syndrome - A 25-year prospective cohort study

Background: Women with Turner syndrome (TS) have an increased risk of aortic dissection. The current recommended cutoff to prevent aortic dissection in TS is an aortic size index (ASI) of ≥2.5 cm/m2. This study estimated which aortic size had the best predictive value for the risk of aortic dissection, and whether adjusting for body size improved risk prediction. Methods: A prospective, observatio