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Continuum modelling of the mechanical response of paper-based materials

Popular Abstract in Swedish För att tillverka en pappersbaserad förpackning är det viktigt att materialet är tillräckligt hållfast. Förpackningsmaterial består ofta av kartong, aluminium och polymerfilmer där kartong utgör den största delen av förpackningen och bidrar mest till styvheten. Det säljs årligen mer än hundra miljarder förpackningar i världen och om kostnaden samt materi- alåtgång för aContinuum based elasto-plastic-damage models for paperboard have been established in this work. The thesis begins with an introductory section that describes the mechanical properties of paperboard and some of the converting processes during forming of a package. A short review of modeling concepts that have been applied to paperboard is presented and then some key aspects and assumptions develope

Unstable neck formation in Tensile Bars During High-Rate Tension

The time evolution of incipient necks is studied numerically for planar and axisymmetric bars subject to high-rate extension. The material is taken to be elastic-plastic and fully non-linear dynamic effects are accounted for. Two main types of growth of necks are observed; stable neck-development that results in fully developed necks and unstable neck-development that leads to weakly developed nec

Automatic Initialization of a Robust Self-Tuning Controller

This paper describes a method for automatically initializing a self-tuning controller. The procedure can be used for systems that are adequately described by models of at most third-order with time delay. For this class of systems it gives a self-tuner that can be initialized simply by pushing a button.

Economic incentives – useful, but not sufficient for meaningful mitigation efforts

As people and countries around the world wrestle with options to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mitigation efforts must accelerate faster than ever if we want to stabilize the concentration of GHG emissions at 450 ppm CO2-eq. Economic incentives for achieving this stabilisation target have received much attention. However, the effectiveness and efficiency of such measures depends on numero

BLOOD TREATMENT APPARATUS

A proposed blood treatment apparatus includes : a blood treatment unit (8), a pair of fluid pumps (14, 15) and a pair of blood pumps (1a, 1b). The blood treatment unit (8) is configured to receive untreated blood and fresh blood treatment fluid, and emit treated blood and used blood treatment fluid. The fluid pumps (14, 15) are configured to pass blood treatment fluid through the blood treatment u