Popular Abstract in Swedish Vid extern strålbehandling används en s.k. linjäraccelerator för att producera och leverera den önskade strålningen till cancertumörer. I linjäracceleratorn accelereras elektroner till nära ljusets hastighet och styrs sedan mot en metalplatta där de bromsas upp och genererar bromsstrålningsfotoner (högenergetisk röntgenstrålning). Intensiteten av den strålning som sändsThe aim of this work was to investigate the dosimetric effects of removing the flattening filter from conventional C-arm medical linear accelerators. In conventional linear accelerators used for radiotherapy, a flattening filter is positioned in the beam line to provide a uniform lateral dose profile at a specified depth in water. However, for some radiotherapy treatments, a uniform lateral dose p

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar design, tillverkning, karakterisering och optimering av elektroniska komponenter alla baserade på kvantmekanisk tunnling. Tunnling är ett rent kvantmekaniskt fenomen utan någon klassisk motsvarighet, som först blir relevant då dimensionerna krymper ner i nanometerskala (en nanometer är en miljarddel's meter). Då kan elektroner ”tunnla” igenomThis thesis concerns different kinds of tunneling based devices all showing negative differential resistance. The thesis is divided in three parts, resonant tunneling transistors, Esaki diodes and coupled zero dimensional systems. The resonant tunneling transistors are GaAs-based vertical field effects transistors, based on a combination of overgrown tungsten gates and double barrier heterostruct

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Abstract in UndeterminedPurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore and classify themes and challenges in making urban freight distribution sustainable.Design/methodology/approachThe study has a cross sectional design which started by a narrative literature review and analysis of a sample of related literature (like peer-reviewed articles and EU (European Union) documents). It ended with comp

Popular Abstract in Swedish Balans i vardagens sysslor - en förutsättning för kvinnors hälsa. Psykisk sjukdom och stress anges ofta som orsak till längre sjukskrivning och drabbar kvinnor till övervägande del. Majoriteten av Sveriges kvinnor är idag yrkesarbetande, de tar större ansvar för hem och familj, de arbetar oftare deltid, tar oftare ut ledighet för vård av sjuka barn och utför 65 % mer hThis thesis investigated the concept of balance in daily occupations. The overarching aim was to explore women’s patterns of everyday occupations and to investigate relationships between different aspects of patterns of daily occupations and health and well-being. The participants were working, cohabitant women with pre-school children. The methods used focused on exploring patterns of daily occup

Popular Abstract in Swedish I över 200 år har en rad historiker, språkmän, folklorister och arkeologer försökt att återskapa en svunnen kultur. Med hjälp av antika texter, medeltida uppteckningar, filologiska observationer och arkeologiska lämningar har de beskrivit en värld, en religion och ett folk äldre än sumererna, med vilka all historia annars sägs ha börjat. De som upprätthöll denna svunna By using ancient texts, medieval documents, philological observations, and archaeological artifacts, scholars have reconstructed a prehistorical world and religion. The people who upheld this culture have been named, inter alia, "Indo-Europeans", "Aryans", "Japhetites" and "Wiros". Yet, these people have not left any texts, no artifacts can with certainty be ascribed to them, nor do we know any in

Mankind is already spending beyond the capacity of its planet and trends look very scaring. Big changes in human behaviour are urgent. As pointed out by others there are many ways how Ergonomics/Human Factors/ could contribute to such changes. The aim of this paper is to discuss some lessons learnt from safety performance in aviation and trans¬formed to sustainability, especially the concepts sust

In color-based detection methods, varying illumination often causes problems, since an object may be perceived to have different colors under different lighting conditions. In the field of color constancy this is usually handled by estimating the illumination spectrum and accounting for its effect on the perceived color. In this paper a method for designing a robust classifier is presented, i.e.,

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In this study, a fully three-dimensional calculation method has been further developed to simulate and analyze various processes in a thick anode duct. The composite duct consists of a porous layer, the flow duct and solid current connector. The analysis takes the electrochemical reactions into account. Momentum and heat transport together with gas species equations have been solved by coupled sou

Popular Abstract in English Drizzle a thin stream of olive oil into water. The oil splashes into tiny little drops first, and in a fraction of a second, they emerge from bulk to the surface, and then coalesce to form a thin layer. This phenomenon relates to the molecular properties of the liquids. Olive oil is composed, in a large extent, of molecules with a fierce name, triglycerides, which are bSolid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to study molecular structure and dynamics in amphiphilic bilayers. This thesis reports on method development and practical applications to two types of bilayer systems: simple cell membrane models composed of phosphatidylcholine lipids and cholesterol; and liquid crystals composed of eth