BACKGROUND: Local pain at the site of an i.v. injection of propofol is a well-known problem, particularly in infants. This randomised investigator-blinded crossover study was designed to assess the effect of the i.v. bolus infusion rate on propofol-induced pain at the site of injection. METHODS: Thirty unpremedicated patients scheduled for ear-nose-throat or plastic surgery at Malmö University Hos

In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) addresses metabolic pathways and their steady states in different tissue types. The brain has by tradition, and due to technical limitations in other organs, been one of the tissues most studied by MRS, and both 1H- and 31P-MRS have been used. Although 31P-MRS is outstanding for the evaluation of sources of metabolic energy in the brain, 1H-MRS has bec

An opportunity sample of 108 Chinese participants (n(male) = 51 and n(female) = 57; M-age = 29.34) was compared to a second opportunity sample of 98 Northern Irish participants (n(male) = 45 and n(female) = 53; M-age = 23.67) on levels of acculturation, self-efficacy and social support. The administered questionnaire contained three scales to measure the aforementioned constructs. The first was th

This paper describes a general picture of efforts to provide women with equal opportunity both on a national political level, and within academia. A report of recent activities within the newly formed National Division for Women in Physics within the Swedish Physical Society is also given

The aim of this study was to establish the degree to which a standardized test based on laser Doppler blood flow measurement is dependent on the particular equipment set-up being used. For this purpose, we examined finger skin blood flow with laser Doppler instruments in 20 healthy subjects. In laser Doppler perfusion monitoring (LDPM), we used a custom-made probe with two detecting fibers placed

I examine the relationship between reproductive success and marker-based relatedness (MBR; inferred from variation at 21 microsatellite loci) of pair-mates in a semi-isolated population of great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) over a 12 year period. There was a negative relationship between egg-hatching success and MBR, but no association between MBR and three other components of fitness

PURPOSE: Irradiation inflicts acute injuries to the intestinal mucosa with rapid apoptosis induction and subsequent reduction in epithelial surface area. It may therefore be assumed that the intestinal barrier function is affected. The aim of this study was to compare the mucosal permeability in irradiated rectum and nonirradiated sigmoid colon from patients subjected to radiation therapy before s

A database with more than 14 700 references to articles on ED during 1965-2000 was analysed with the aim of identifying long-term and short-term trends in the literature. The main data of the analysis are the percentages of references per 6-year period or per year for the most recent 6 years, that contain certain words or phrases. The use of words in references should reflect changes in the conten

Numerical simulations coupled with laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) experiments were carried out to investigate a slot jet issued into a cross flow, which is relevant in the film cooling of gas turbine combustors. The film-cooling fluid injection from slots or holes into a cross flow produces highly complicated flow,fields. In this paper, the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations were solved on a c

We tested two predictions of the hypothesis that competition between self-pollen may mitigate negative genetic effects of inbreeding in plants: (1) intense competition among self-pollen increases offspring fitness; and (2) pollen competition reduces the measured strength of inbreeding depression. We used Collinsia heterophylla (Plantaginaceae), an annual with a mixed mating system, to perform cont

Effects of water flow velocityon nitrification, denitrification, andthe metabolism of dissolved oxygen andinorganic carbon in macrophyte-epiphytoncomplexes were investigated in the presentstudy. The metabolic rates were measured inmicrocosms containing shoots of Potamogeton pectinatus L. with epiphyticbiofilms in the light and dark with no flow orwith the flow velocities of 0.03 and 9 cms–1. Photo

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to illuminate lived experience of having been in an acute confusional state (ACS) as narrated by elderly patients in orthopaedic care. METHOD: Qualitative study with phenomenological hermeneutic method for analysing the data based on narrative interviews. Fifty patients (67-96 years of age) who developed ACS during hospitalisation and in all cases the ACS ceas

We present faster overlap tests between spheres and either axis-aligned or oriented boxes. By utilizing quick rejection tests, faster execution times are observed compared to previous techniques. In addition, we present alternative vectorized overlap tests, which are compared to the sequential algorithms. Source code is available online.

A quantum coherent capacitor subject to large amplitude pulse cycles can be made to emit or reabsorb an electron in each half cycle. Quantized currents with pulse cycles in the GHz range have been demonstrated experimentally. We develop a nonlinear dynamical scattering theory for arbitrary pulses to describe the properties of this very fast single electron source. Using our theory we analyze the a

An environmentally benign and volume efficient process for enzymatic production of alkanolamides is described. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B, Novozym (R) 435, was used to catalyze the condensation of lauric acid with monothanolamine. The raction temperature of 90 degrees C was required to keep the reactants in a liquid state. Atepwise addition of the amine minimized problems caused by th