Time-dependent changes of nociceptive inhibition of hindlimb withdrawal reflex (WR) pathways were investigated in acute decerebrate spinal rats. Electromyographic recordings of WR of peroneus longus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were made. For each muscle, both short and long latency WR evoked by subcutaneous electrical stimulation and WR evoked by noxious pinch could be inhibited by noxio

Normoglycemic animals subjected to 10-20 min of transient ischemia survive without major neurological symptoms, but incur delayed neuronal damage selectively affecting vulnerable neuronal populations. If the animals are hyperglycemic before ischemia is induced, cell damage develops more rapidly, and postischemic seizures appear after a delay of 18-24 h. This study was designed to assess whether th

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (diffusion MRI) is a non-invasive microstructure assessment technique. Scalar measures, such as FA (fractional anisotropy) and MD (mean diffusivity), quantifying micro-structural tissue properties can be obtained using diffusion models and data processing pipelines. However, it is costly and time consuming to collect high quality diffusion data. Here, we theref

During fracture of membranes loading often produces buckles above and below the crack surface. This changes the stress state surrounding the crack-tip and stresses in the neighbourhood of the crack-tip posses a weaker singularity than r-1/2. As a result, fracture occurs when the crack-tip stress distribution is different as compared with that when buckling is artificially prevented. Therefore the During fracture of membranes loading often produces buckles above and below the cracksurface. This changes the stress state surrounding the crack-tip and stresses in theneighbourhood of the crack-tip posses a weaker singularity than r-1/2. As a result, fractureoccurs when the crack-tip stress distribution is different as compared with that when bucklingis artificially prevented. Therefore the cond

Patterns of animal migration and the ecological forces that shape them have been studied for centuries. Yet ecological impacts caused by the migration, such as altered predator–prey interactions and effects on community structure, remain poorly understood. This is to a large extent due to the scarcity of naturally replicated migration systems with negative controls, that is, ecosystems without mig

We present a general method, the δ-test, which establishes functional dependencies given a sequence of measurements. The approach is based on calculating conditional probabilities from vector component distances. Imposing the requirement of continuity of the underlying function, the obtained values of the conditional probabilities carry information on the embedding dimension and variable dependenc

Acetylcholine (ACh) induces an Nω–nitro–L–arginine (L–NOARG)–resistant relaxation and hyperpolarization in the rat isolated hepatic artery. The possibility that carbon monoxide (CO) produced by haem oxygenase (HO) is an endogenous mediator of this response was investigated. Exogenously applied CO evoked a concentration–dependent relaxation, and the CO ‘scavenger’ oxyhaemoglobin (10μM) reduced the

Surveys of students’ and teachers’ experiences at the Department of Geology, Lund University, have shown a need and wish among students to get, for example, more practice in using and understanding geological terminology and to understand the context of different features. Among teachers a common problem is (too) limited time per student to always give meaningful feedback and support. Learning mat

Unesterified radioactive cholesterol, both bound to serum lipoproteins and dispersed in ethanol-saline, was injected into bile fistula and intact rats. Due to phagocytosis, mainly by the liver macrophages, intravenously injected cholesterol in ethanol-saline disappears from the bloodstream significantly faster than lipoprotein-bound cholesterol. Soon after the initial phagocytosis, the particulate