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Biological aspects of nitrogen mineralization in humus from a pine forest podsol incubated under different moisture and temperature conditions

Abstract in UndeterminedFluctuations of soil organism abundance, soil respiration and inorganic nitrogen werestudied in a laboratory experiment on material taken from the humus layer of a Scotspine forest and incubated under different moisture and temperature regimes. Theexperiment was run for 28 wk with samplings every 7 wk. At 28 wk, increases in"total movable N" (inorganic N + biomass N) were o

Familial thrombophilia and lifetime risk of venous thrombosis

Background. We started a large multicenter prospective follow-up study to provide reliable risk estimates of venous thrombosis in families with various thrombophilic defects. Objectives: This paper describes data collected at study entry on venous events experienced before study inclusion, i.e. the baseline data. Patients/methods: All individuals (probands, relatives) registered in nine European t

Bileaflet blood cysts on the mitral valve in an adult.

Blood cysts within the heart are very rare entities in adults. The authors present possibly the first ever case in which blood cysts were found on both mitral valve leaflets. A 65-year-old woman was referred for transthoracic echocardiography because of vague chest discomfort. Transthoracic echocardiography displayed echo-free cysts on the tips of both mitral valve leaflets. Subsequent transesopha

Cost estimates of kraft lignin recovery by ultrafiltration

Climate change and endeavours towards a sustainable society have brought the interest of wood-based biorefineries to the fore. Lignin is the main energy carrier in chemical pulp mills. Today, the heat value of lignin is commonly recovered in the recovery boiler of the mill. However, interest in the extraction of lignin for use as an external biofuel and in speciality chemicals is growing. Lignosul

Dosimetric verification of open asymmetric photon fields calculated with a treatment planning system based on dose-to-energy-fluence concepts

Output normalized dose profiles for asymmetric open photon fields has been calculated using a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) based on a dose-to-energy-fluence concept. The model does not require any additional measurements for off-axis fields. Calculations are compared with measurements for quadratic fields of 5 cm x 5 cm up to 20 cm x 20 cm, with their geometric field centre positione

Affinity of 3-acyl substituted 4-quinolones at the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors.

The finding that alkyl 1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylate and N-alkyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives may be high-affinity ligands at the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA receptor, prompted a study of 3-acyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline (3-acyl-4-quinolones). In general, the affinity of the 3-acyl derivatives was found to be comparable with the 3-carboxylate and th

Standards of care for acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain: The bone and joint decade (2000-2010)

Musculoskeletal conditions often manifest with the onset of pain and the resulting physical limitations. Musculoskeletal pain is almost inevitable in in individual's lifetime. It is one of the most common reasons for self-medication and entry into the health care system. Musculoskeletal pain affects in 4 adults and is the Most commons Source of serious long-term pain and physical disability. The M

Helping alliance and early dropout from psychiatric out-patient care The influence of patient factors.

Background The study examined client factors of relevance in the establishment of helping alliance and in the prediction of dropout from a routine psychiatric setting admitting a variety of diagnoses and staffed with a multiprofessional team. Method Newly admitted patients (n=122) and staff completed questionnaires regarding helping alliance, and the patients also completed questionnaires regardin

Riks-stroke - a Swedish national quality register for stroke care

BACKGROUND: Riks-Stroke, the Swedish national quality register on stroke care, provides unique opportunities to evaluate stroke units in routine clinical care. METHODS: Basic patient characteristics, process indicators and outcome variables are recorded in all 85 hospitals admitting acute stroke patients. A 3-month follow-up is included. RESULTS: There are wide variations between hospitals in the

The effect of exercise on the absorption of inhaled human insulin in healthy volunteers

What is already known about this subject * Exercise is known to affect absorption of other inhaled substances, but so far there are no reports on the effect of exercise on the absorption of inhaled insulin in humans. What this paper adds * This report is the first to investigate the effect of exercise on the absorption of inhaled insulin. * In this study in healthy volunteers we found that exercis

Temperature, genetic and hydroperiod effects on metamorphosis of brown frogs Rana arvalis and R-temporaria in the field

Time for metamorphosis and metamorph size of moor frogs Rana arvalis and common frogs R. temporaria were measured in 22 ponds for 18 years. Environmental data in these ponds were also measured. Metamorphosis of the frogs took place from the beginning of June to the beginning of August. When both species were found in one pond, the common frogs metamorphosed up to 20 days earlier than the moor frog

Total hydrocarbon flux dynamics at a subarctic mire in northern Sweden

This is a study of the spatial and temporal variability of total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions from vegetation and soil at a subarctic mire, northern Sweden. THCs include methane (CH4) and nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), both of which are atmospherically important trace gases and constitute a significant proportion of the carbon exchange between biosphere and atmosphere. Reliable cha

Metabolic consequences of hard work

When an animal has to meet increased demands on its working capacity, for example, for thermoregulation or parental care, two strategies are available. The animal can reallocate energy from costly maintenance processes-such as immunological defence or DNA repair systems (compensation hypothesis)-or it may try to increase the rate of energy intake or efficiency of digestion by increasing the size o

Mouse models for rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects millions of people world wide causing considerable human suffering and large socioeconomic costs. Increased knowledge of pathological pathways involved in RA will enable development of modern drugs, with reduced side effects. The mouse models offer an attractive approach to dissect the genetic and molecular mechanisms of RA.

Dissecting the PPP puzzle: the unconventional roles of nominal exchange rate and price adjustments

The conventional view, as expounded by sticky-price models, is that price adjustment determines the PPP reversion rate. This study examines the mechanism by which PPP deviations are corrected. Nominal exchange rate adjustment, not price adjustment, is shown to be the key engine governing the speed of PPP convergence. Moreover, nominal exchange rates are found to converge much more slowly than pric