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Time-dependent diffusion MRI enables the estimation of water exchange rates in vivo. Most studies attribute these estimates to membrane permeability. However, non-permeative geometric exchange may also contribute. The present study investigates the contribution of geometric exchange between dendritic spines and shafts to diffusion MRI-derived exchange estimates. Monte Carlo simulations were perfor
Inclination-dependent grain boundary (GB) energy and shear-coupled motion are studied for [001] and [111] tilt GBs in face-centered cubic materials using three-dimensional (3D) phase field crystal (PFC) simulations. A large dataset spanning misorientation and inclination space is systematically generated to evaluate trends in GB energy and shear-coupling. GB energy variations broadly follow ideal
Objectives: FLASH radiotherapy is an innovative technique that delivers radiation at ultra-high dose rates (UHDR), offering tumor control comparable to conventional (CONV) radiotherapy while significantly reducing normal tissue toxicity. Here we aim to determine the effects of FLASH compared to CONV radiotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) models. Methods: Using an in-house 6 MeV line
Aims: To describe healthcare professionals’ interactions with pediatric patients at an adult ICU. Methods: This non-participant naturalistic observational study was conducted at two adult ICUs in Sweden. Inclusion criteria were children aged 0–15 years, where both the child and the parent could speak and understand Swedish or English. Children undergoing palliative care were excluded. The observat
This study presents a multidisciplinary analysis of 119 osseous and ivory fragments from the necropolis of La Beleña (Córdoba, Spain) dating between the second half of the 4th and the beginnings of the 3rd Millennium BC, aiming to assess the effectiveness and limitations of current methods used for identifying ivory provenance in prehistoric contexts. Traditional macroscopic and microscopic techni
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major risk factor for heart failure (HF). However, individuals with similar body mass index (BMI), the main diagnostic measure of obesity, exhibit considerable heterogeneity in developing HF.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association between metabolically discordant subgroups characterized by cardiometabolic biomarkers deviated from those predicted by BMI
BACKGROUND: The EAT-Lancet Commission introduced the planetary health diet to promote human health while reducing environmental impact. However, no study has yet examined how adherence to this diet is associated with risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between the planetary health diet index (PHDI) and the risk of developing IBS.METHODS
Seasonality can drive the evolution of reproductive plasticity in insects. An extreme form is reproductive diapause, where individuals halt reproduction during unfavourable seasons. How diapause evolves from milder forms of plasticity (e.g., through changes in cue perception and responses) is poorly understood. In the tropics, seasonality is common, but it is unclear how widespread reproductive pl
Bimanual motor performance declines with age and is accompanied by cortical thinning and alterations in white matter microstructure within motor control networks. Aging is also associated with increased interindividual variability in behavioral and structural markers, and some studies report stronger brain-behavior associations in older compared with younger adults. We tested whether bimanual perf
The systematic placement of the enigmatic South African moth Apoprogones hesperistis Hampson, which superficially resembles hesperiid skippers and sematurid moths, has long been controversial. Its rarity has hindered detailed morphological study, and the absence of fresh material has precluded molecular analyses. We investigated its phylogenetic position using non-destructive DNA extraction from t
Rationale & Objective: Sedentarism and low health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are common in people receiving hemodialysis, and innovative approaches are needed to improve HRQoL. Aims: We investigated the feasibility and safety of an intradialytic exercise intervention using the GoodRENal virtual reality platform in people receiving hemodialysis and tested the impact on physical function an
Copper, the most efficient catalyst for multicarbon (C2+) product generation in electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R), is highly susceptible to restructuring in the presence of halides. Chloride ions enhance the performance of Cu catalysts, although a detailed understanding of the morphological and chemical evolution induced by chloride remains lacking. In this work, in situ scanning transmission s
Background: We investigated whether individuals who likely developed type 2 diabetes (T2D) through predominantly genetic, adverse intrauterine, or lifestyle aetiologies have different clinical presentations and complications. Methods: In this Danish nationwide combined cross-sectional and registry-based follow-up study, we included 7867 individuals with newly diagnosed T2D from the DD2 cohort, enr
Large-scale stratiform clouds are widespread and dominate the Earth's radiation budget. Their radiative and microphysical properties are inseparable, depending on ambient aerosol conditions and on properties of any convective outflow. In the Community Atmospheric Model, version 6 (CAM6), large-scale clouds were originally treated two decades ago with a two-moment bulk microphysics approach. Since
Background: As a surrogate for eosinophilic activation, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) is a potential clinical biomarker. However, EDN levels and discriminatory ability in different asthma phenotypes are unknown. We quantified serum and nasal lavage fluid (NLF) EDN levels and assessed the potential to differentiate clinically defined asthma phenotypes in an adult-representative sample. Method
Many studies have examined how the rise of radical right parties influences the general tone of legislative debates, particularly how mainstream parties tend to demonize and disengage from these parties through specific rhetoric and strategies. However, less attention has been given to their growing electoral success and how this affects speeches aimed at them in parliamentary debates. This study
Purpose: Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) accounts for anatomical changes during treatment and may improve target coverage and spare organs-at-risk (OARs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to develop a protocol defining dose evaluation criteria for target volumes and OARs to assess the need for ART. The protocol was applied to compare compliance between daily-ART and no
The stomatopod eye is a fascinating biological system capable of detecting both colour and polarization of light, making it a highly complex, mixed-tissue sample. In the investigation of complex biological systems, three-dimensional methods spanning multiple length scales with the power to resolve soft tissues are required. In this study, propagation-based phase contrast X-ray computed tomography
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a leading cause of death, with substantial residual risk persisting despite current lipid-lowering, antithrombotic, antihypertensive, weight-management, and anti-inflammatory therapies. This unmet clinical need reflects the multifactorial and heterogeneous nature of ASCVD, which is not fully captured by traditional discovery approaches. Recent adva
